DC isoketal-modified proteins activate T cells and promote hypertension

• Published in: The Journal of clinical investigation Vol. 124; no. 10; pp. 4642 - 4656
• Main Authors: Kirabo, Annet, Fontana, Vanessa, de Faria, Ana P C, Loperena, Roxana, Galindo, Cristi L, Wu, Jing, Bikineyeva, Alfiya T, Dikalov, Sergey, Xiao, Liang, Chen, Wei, Saleh, Mohamed A, Trott, Daniel W, Itani, Hana A, Vinh, Antony, Amarnath, Venkataraman, Amarnath, Kalyani, Guzik, Tomasz J, Bernstein, Kenneth E, Shen, Xiao Z, Shyr, Yu, Chen, Sheau-chiann, Mernaugh, Raymond L, Laffer, Cheryl L, Elijovich, Fernando, Davies, Sean S, Moreno, Heitor, Madhur, Meena S, Roberts, 2nd, Jackson, Harrison, David G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Society for Clinical Investigation 01-10-2014
• Subjects: Aged; Aldehydes - chemistry; Angiotensin II - metabolism; Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells - immunology; Antigens; B7-1 Antigen - metabolism; B7-2 Antigen - metabolism; Biomedical research; Cell Proliferation; Cohort Studies; Dendritic cells; Dendritic Cells - cytology; Dendritic Cells - immunology; Development and progression; Disease; Female; Free radicals; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic aspects; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension - pathology; Inflammation; Interleukin-17 - metabolism; Interleukin-1beta - metabolism; Interleukin-23 - metabolism; Interleukin-6 - metabolism; Kidney - pathology; Laboratory animals; Lipid peroxidation; Lipids; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen - metabolism; Properties; Proteins; Rodents; Studies; Superoxides - metabolism; T cell receptors; T cells; T-Lymphocytes - cytology
• ISSN: 0021-9738; 1558-8238
• DOI: 10.1172/JCI74084

Oxidative damage and inflammation are both implicated in the genesis of hypertension; however, the mechanisms by which these stimuli promote hypertension are not fully understood. Here, we have described a pathway in which hypertensive stimuli promote dendritic cell (DC) activation of T cells, ultimately leading to hypertension. Using multiple murine models of hypertension, we determined that proteins oxidatively modified by highly reactive γ-ketoaldehydes (isoketals) are formed in hypertension and accumulate in DCs. Isoketal accumulation was associated with DC production of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23 and an increase in costimulatory proteins CD80 and CD86. These activated DCs promoted T cell, particularly CD8+ T cell, proliferation; production of IFN-γ and IL-17A; and hypertension. Moreover, isoketal scavengers prevented these hypertension-associated events. Plasma F2-isoprostanes, which are formed in concert with isoketals, were found to be elevated in humans with treated hypertension and were markedly elevated in patients with resistant hypertension. Isoketal-modified proteins were also markedly elevated in circulating monocytes and DCs from humans with hypertension. Our data reveal that hypertension activates DCs, in large part by promoting the formation of isoketals, and suggest that reducing isoketals has potential as a treatment strategy for this disease.