Association of Inflammatory Markers/Cytokines with Cardiovascular Risk Manifestation in Patients with Endometriosis

• Published in: Mediators of inflammation Vol. 2021; pp. 3425560 - 11
• Main Authors: Rafi, Uzma, Ahmad, Shaaf, Bokhari, Syeda Shazia, Iqbal, Muhammad Amir, Zia, Amna, Khan, Muhammad Amjad, Roohi, Nabila
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Hindawi 2021; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Autoimmune diseases; B cells; C-reactive protein; Cancer; Cardiac patients; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - complications; Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis; Care and treatment; Clinical trials; Comparative analysis; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Development and progression; Diabetes mellitus; Disease; Endometriosis; Endometriosis - metabolism; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Female; Females; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Homocysteine; Humans; Hypertension; Immune system; Infections; Infertility; Inflammation; Inflammation - metabolism; Inflammatory diseases; Interleukin 17; Interleukins; Laparoscopy; Lymphocytes; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Metabolic disorders; Obesity; Oxidative stress; Pathogenesis; Pathophysiology; Proteins; Rheumatoid arthritis; Risk Factors; Stroke; Thrombosis; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Womens health; Pakistan
• ISSN: 0962-9351; 1466-1861
• DOI: 10.1155/2021/3425560

This study is aimed at determining the association of inflammatory markers and proinflammatory cytokines with cardiovascular risk manifestation in women with endometriosis as compared to healthy controls. A total of 181 females of reproductive age with the absence of other inflammatory or autoimmune disorders and a lack of hormonal therapy for at least 6 months voluntarily participated in this investigation. Patients were 81 females, laparoscopically diagnosed with endometriosis, while the control group comprised 80 healthy females without any pelvic pathology. All subjects were 20-40 years of age. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, obesity, hypertension, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, interleukin-17, and interleukin-33 were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits. For statistical interpretation, the unpaired Student “t” test was used. All inflammatory markers and cytokines demonstrated elevated levels (P<0.001) in endometriosis patients as compared to healthy controls. The results of the study revealed that the patients with endometriosis demonstrate a hypercoagulable status due to inflammation, which initiates atherosclerosis and associated complications. Hence, endometriosis can cause a risk of cardiovascular disorders in these patients.