Insight into trade‐off between wood decay and parasitism from the genome of a fungal forest pathogen

• Published in: The New phytologist Vol. 194; no. 4; pp. 1001 - 1013
• Main Authors: Olson, Åke, Aerts, Andrea, Asiegbu, Fred, Belbahri, Lassaad, Bouzid, Ourdia, Broberg, Anders, Canbäck, Björn, Coutinho, Pedro M, Cullen, Dan, Dalman, Kerstin, Deflorio, Giuliana, van Diepen, Linda T.A, Dunand, Christophe, Duplessis, Sébastien, Durling, Mikael, Gonthier, Paolo, Grimwood, Jane, Fossdal, Carl Gunnar, Hansson, David, Henrissat, Bernard, Hietala, Ari, Himmelstrand, Kajsa, Hoffmeister, Dirk, Högberg, Nils, James, Timothy Y, Karlsson, Magnus, Kohler, Annegret, Kües, Ursula, Lee, Yong‐Hwan, Lin, Yao‐Cheng, Lind, Mårten, Lindquist, Erika, Lombard, Vincent, Lucas, Susan, Lundén, Karl, Morin, Emmanuelle, Murat, Claude, Park, Jongsun, Raffaello, Tommaso, Rouzé, Pierre, Salamov, Asaf, Schmutz, Jeremy, Solheim, Halvor, Ståhlberg, Jerry, Vélëz, Heriberto, de Vries, Ronald P, Wiebenga, Ad, Woodward, Steve, Yakovlev, Igor, Garbelotto, Matteo, Martin, Francis, Grigoriev, Igor V, Stenlid, Jan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-06-2012; New Phytologist Trust; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Basidiomycota - genetics; biogeochemical cycles; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology; Bioinformatik och systembiologi; Carbohydrates; Cellulose; Chromosome Mapping; Decay; Decay fungi; decayed wood; DNA sequences; Enzymes; esophagus; Forest ecosystems; Forest Science; forests; Fruiting bodies; Fungi; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene mapping; Genes; Genetics; Genetik; genome; Genome, Fungal; Genomes; Heterobasidion; Heterobasidion annosum; Host-Pathogen Interactions; hosts; Life Sciences; Liquids; Metabolites; Modeling; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleotide sequence; Nutrient cycles; Oxidative stress; Parasitism; Pathogenicity; Pathogens; pathology; Pectinolytic enzymes; Pine trees; Pinus; Quantitative Trait Loci; saprotrophy; Scaffolds; secondary metabolites; Skogsvetenskap; Terrestrial ecosystems; trade‐off; Transcription; transposons; Trees - microbiology; Wood; Wood - microbiology; wood decay; PARASITISM; TRADE-OFF; SAPROTROPHY; WOOD DECAY; HETEROBASIDION; PATHOLOGY; GENOME
• ISSN: 0028-646X; 1469-8137; 1469-8137
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04128.x

• Parasitism and saprotrophic wood decay are two fungal strategies fundamental for succession and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. An opportunity to assess the trade‐off between these strategies is provided by the forest pathogen and wood decayer Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato. • We report the annotated genome sequence and transcript profiling, as well as the quantitative trait loci mapping, of one member of the species complex: H. irregulare. Quantitative trait loci critical for pathogenicity, and rich in transposable elements, orphan and secreted genes, were identified. • A wide range of cellulose‐degrading enzymes are expressed during wood decay. By contrast, pathogenic interaction between H. irregulare and pine engages fewer carbohydrate‐active enzymes, but involves an increase in pectinolytic enzymes, transcription modules for oxidative stress and secondary metabolite production. • Our results show a trade‐off in terms of constrained carbohydrate decomposition and membrane transport capacity during interaction with living hosts. Our findings establish that saprotrophic wood decay and necrotrophic parasitism involve two distinct, yet overlapping, processes.