Molecular detection, phylogenetic analysis and genetic diversity of recently isolated foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A African topotype, Genotype IV

• Published in: Virology journal Vol. 19; no. 1; p. 1
• Main Authors: Hassan, Ayah M, Zaher, Mostafa R, Hassanien, Rabab T, Abd-El-Moniem, Mervat I, Habashi, Ahmed R, Ibraheem, Essam M, Shahein, Momtaz A, El Zowalaty, Mohamed E, Hagag, Naglaa M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 03-01-2022; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Animals; Bioinformatics; Computer applications; Diagnosis; Disease Outbreaks - veterinary; DNA sequencing; Economic importance; Epidemiology; Evolution; FMDV; Foot & mouth disease; Foot and mouth disease virus; Foot-and-mouth disease; Foot-and-Mouth Disease - epidemiology; Genetic analysis; Genetic aspects; Genetic diversity; Genetic research; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Genotype IV; Genotypes; Health aspects; Laboratories; Manufacturers; Methods; Nucleotide sequence; Nucleotide sequencing; Outbreaks; Phylogenetic analysis; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Polymerase chain reaction; Sequence analysis; Serogroup; Serotyping; Strains (organisms); Thermal cycling; Vaccination; Vaccines; Variant; Viruses; VP1 gene; VP1 protein; Egypt; Beijing China; United States > US; China; Foot and mouth disease virus; Phylogenetic analysis; Variant; Genotype IV; VP1 gene; FMDV; Epidemiology
• ISSN: 1743-422X; 1743-422X
• DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01693-y

Surveillance for circulating emerging diseases of economic importance has a major role in the rapid response to major pathogen outbreaks. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the significant endemic viruses in Egypt. FMDV is periodically investigated for monitoring evolution and emergence of new variants. The genetic characterization of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype A responsible for recent outbreaks of FMD in Egypt was determined.
Samples were collected from different locations and virus isolation was performed using BHK-21 cells. Viral RNA was extracted and samples were screened for FMDV using real-time RT-PCR. DNA sequence analysis was performed and computational and bioinformatics analyses were used to determine the substitution rates and phylogenetic relationship.
Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of full-length 1D region of FMDV samples collected from different governorates in 2020 showed close similarity to Egyptian FMDV strains from serotype A-African topotype-G-IV with genetic variation of 6.5%. Recently isolated FMDV strains showed high genetic variations from locally used vaccine strains in the major antigenic sites of VP1 region.
Although, efforts made by the veterinary authorities to implement an effective mass vaccination plan, the recently detected FMDV strains in this study could not be subtyped using the FMDV primers routinely used for molecular serotyping. These dissimilarities raise the alarm for reconsideration of the FMDV isolates used in vaccine manufacture. Clearly close monitoring of FMD in Egypt is urgently required to define the risks of future outbreaks and to ensure appropriate control measures against FMD major outbreaks.