The structure of blue supergiant winds and the accretion in supergiant high-mass X-ray binaries

• Published in: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol. 398; no. 4; pp. 2152 - 2165
• Main Authors: Ducci, L., Sidoli, L., Mereghetti, S., Paizis, A., Romano, P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-10-2009; Wiley-Blackwell; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: 4U 1700−377; Accretion disks; Astronomy; Double stars; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; IGR J11215−5952; Luminosity; supergiants; Wind; X-ray astronomy; X-rays: individual: Vela X−1/4U 1900−40; X‐rays: individual: Vela X−1/4U 1900−40, 4U 1700−377, IGR J11215−5952; X-rays: individual: Vela X−1/4U 1900−40, 4U 1700−377, IGR J11215−5952; supergiants; Stellar winds; Accretion; Variability; Light curves; Binary X ray source; Cosmic x-ray sources; Luminosity; Mass loss; X-rays: individual: Vela X 1/4U 1900-40, 4U 1700-377, IGR J11215-5952; Star models; Transient X ray source; X-ray binary stars; Supergiant stars
• ISSN: 0035-8711; 1365-2966
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15265.x

We have developed a stellar wind model for OB supergiants to investigate the effects of accretion from a clumpy wind on the luminosity and variability properties of high-mass X-ray binaries. Assuming that the clumps are confined by ram pressure of the ambient gas and exploring different distributions for their mass and radii, we computed the expected X-ray light curves in the framework of the Bondi–Hoyle accretion theory, modified to take into account the presence of clumps. The resulting variability properties are found to depend not only on the assumed orbital parameters but also on the wind characteristics. We have then applied this model to reproduce the X-ray light curves of three representative high-mass X-ray binaries: two persistent supergiant systems (Vela X−1 and 4U 1700−377) and the supergiant fast X-ray transient IGR J11215−5952. The model can reproduce the observed light curves well, but requiring in all cases an overall mass loss from the supergiant about a factor of 3–10 smaller than the values inferred from ultraviolet lines studies that assume a homogeneous wind.