Anti-inflammatory activity of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oil in human dermal fibroblasts

• Published in: Pharmaceutical biology Vol. 55; no. 1; pp. 1619 - 1622
• Main Authors: Han, Xuesheng, Parker, Tory L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis 01-01-2017; Taylor & Francis Ltd; Taylor & Francis Group
• Subjects: Anti-inflammation; Anti-inflammatory agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - isolation & purification; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Antioxidants; Biological activity; Biomarkers; Cancer; cancer signalling; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell adhesion molecules; Cells, Cultured; Collagen; Collagen (type III); collagen III; Colony-stimulating factor; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Essential oils; Eugenia caryophyllata; Eugenol; Eugenol - isolation & purification; Eugenol - pharmacology; Fibroblasts; Fibroblasts - drug effects; Fibroblasts - pathology; Fibrosis; Fibrosis - drug therapy; Fibrosis - pathology; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects; Genomes; Humans; immune response; Inflammation; Inflammation - drug therapy; Inflammation - pathology; interferon γ-induced protein 10; interferon-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant; IP-10 protein; Lymphocytes T; Macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Metalloproteinase; monokine induced by γ interferon; Neoplasms - drug therapy; Neoplasms - pathology; Oils & fats; Oils, Volatile - administration & dosage; Oils, Volatile - isolation & purification; Oils, Volatile - pharmacology; Proteins; Short Communication; Signal transduction; Signal Transduction - drug effects; Skin - drug effects; Skin - pathology; Skin diseases; skin health; Syzygium - chemistry; Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2; Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; γ-Interferon; interferon-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant; skin health; immune response; collagen III; cancer signalling; monokine induced by γ interferon; eugenol; interferon γ-induced protein 10; Anti-inflammation; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
• ISSN: 1388-0209; 1744-5116
• DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1314513

Context: Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. [Myrtaceae]) essential oil (CEO) has been shown to possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, few studies have focused on its topical use.
Objective: We investigated the biological activity of a commercially available CEO in a human skin disease model.
Materials and methods: We evaluated the effect of CEO on 17 protein biomarkers that play critical roles in inflammation and tissue remodelling in a validated human dermal fibroblast system, which was designed to model chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Four concentrations of CEO (0.011, 0.0037, 0.0012, and 0.00041%, v/v) were studied. The effect of 0.011% CEO on genome-wide gene expression was also evaluated.
Results and discussion: CEO at a concentration of 0.011% showed robust antiproliferative effects on human dermal fibroblasts. It significantly inhibited the increased production of several proinflammatory biomarkers such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), interferon-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant (I-TAC), and monokine induced by γ interferon (MIG). CEO also significantly inhibited tissue remodelling protein molecules, namely, collagen-I, collagen-III, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2). Furthermore, it significantly modulated global gene expression and altered signalling pathways critical for inflammation, tissue remodelling, and cancer signalling processes. CEO significantly inhibited VCAM-1 and collagen III at both protein and gene expression levels.
Conclusions: This study provides important evidence of CEO-induced anti-inflammatory and tissue remodelling activity in human dermal fibroblasts. This study also supports the anticancer properties of CEO and its major active component eugenol.