Short- and long-term variations of norovirus concentrations in the Meuse river during a 2-year study period

• Published in: Water research (Oxford) Vol. 40; no. 14; pp. 2613 - 2620
• Main Authors: Westrell, Therese, Teunis, Peter, van den Berg, Harold, Lodder, Willemijn, Ketelaars, Henk, Stenström, Thor Axel, de Roda Husman, Ana Maria
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-08-2006; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Adaptive dynamic filtering; Applied sciences; drinking water; Exact sciences and technology; Freshwater; INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AREAS; microbial contamination; Netherlands; Norovirus; Norovirus - isolation & purification; Noroviruses; Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge; Peaks; Pollution; prediction; Probability; rivers; Rivers - microbiology; Seasonal distribution; seasonal variation; Surface water; Time Factors; TVÄRVETENSKAPLIGA FORSKNINGSOMRÅDEN; Vatten i natur och samhälle; Wastes; water filters; Water in nature and society; water pollution; Water treatment and pollution; watersheds; winter; Meuse; Lorraine; France; Europe; Netherlands; Belgium, Meuse R; Peaks; Adaptive dynamic filtering; Seasonal distribution; Noroviruses; Surface water; Short term; Noroviruses Surface water Seasonal distribution Peaks Adaptive dynamic filtering; Drinking water; Long term variation; Polymerase chain reaction; Pollution; Health and environment; Watershed; Health hazards; Stream; Sampling; Risk management; Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; Public health
• ISSN: 0043-1354; 1879-2448
• DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.019

Faecally impacted surface waters used for drinking water production may encompass risk for norovirus infections. To be able to assess a possible health risk, noroviruses should be quantified and fluctuations identified. In 2001, norovirus concentrations in the river Meuse displayed a seasonal distribution with high peaks during wintertime as determined by RT-PCR on serially diluted RNA. An intensified day-by-day sampling scheme in the winter of 2002/2003 revealed that the winter peak consisted of several peaks of varying duration and magnitude, possibly due to contamination events in the catchment. The highest estimated concentration was 1700 PCR-detectable units per litre (95% CI 250–8000), which if coinciding with failing treatment could lead to significant numbers in drinking water. Adaptive dynamic filtering was shown to adequately predict subsequent sample concentrations. If valid, such analyses could prove to be useful as early warning systems in risk management of water sources.