The role of self-injury in the organisation of behaviour

• Published in: Journal of intellectual disability research Vol. 56; no. 5; pp. 516 - 526
• Main Authors: Sandman, C. A., Kemp, A. S., Mabini, C., Pincus, D., Magnusson, M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-05-2012; Wiley-Blackwell; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Adult; Autism; Behavior; Behavior - physiology; Behavior Patterns; Behavior Problems; Classification; Coherence; Correlation; Developmental Disabilities - physiopathology; Developmental Disabilities - psychology; Environment; Female; Human subjects; Humans; Initiation; Injuries; Intellectual Disability - physiopathology; Intellectual Disability - psychology; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; non-linear analysis; Observation; Psychological Patterns; Residential Facilities; Role; Self Destructive Behavior; Self-Injurious Behavior - physiopathology; Self-Injurious Behavior - psychology; self-injurious behaviour; Selfinjury; temporal pattern analysis
• ISSN: 0964-2633; 1365-2788
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01552.x

Background  Self‐injuring acts are among the most dramatic behaviours exhibited by human beings. There is no known single cause and there is no universally agreed upon treatment. Sophisticated sequential and temporal analysis of behaviour has provided alternative descriptions of self‐injury that provide new insights into its initiation and maintenance.
Method  Forty hours of observations for each of 32 participants were collected in a contiguous 2‐week period. Twenty categories of behavioural and environmental events were recorded electronically that captured the precise time each observation occurred. Temporal behavioural/environmental patterns associated with self‐injurious events were revealed with a method (t‐patterns; THEME) for detecting non‐linear, real‐time patterns.
Results  Results indicated that acts of self‐injury contributed both to more patterns and to more complex patterns. Moreover, self‐injury left its imprint on the organisation of behaviour even when counts of self‐injury were expelled from the continuous record.
Conclusions  Behaviour of participants was organised in a more diverse array of patterns when self‐injurious behaviour was present. Self‐injuring acts may function as singular points, increasing coherence within self‐organising patterns of behaviour.