Alcohol management plans in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australian communities in Queensland: community residents have experienced favourable impacts but also suffered unfavourable ones

• Published in: BMC public health Vol. 17; no. 1; pp. 55 - 14
• Main Authors: Clough, Alan R, Margolis, Stephen A, Miller, Adrian, Shakeshaft, Anthony, Doran, Christopher M, McDermott, Robyn, Sanson-Fisher, Robert, Ypinazar, Valmae, Martin, David, Robertson, Jan A, Fitts, Michelle S, Bird, Katrina, Honorato, Bronwyn, Towle, Simon, West, Caryn
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 10-01-2017; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander; Aboriginal Australians; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aggression; Alcohol; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology; Alcohol use; Alcohol-Related Disorders - prevention & control; Alcoholic beverages; Alcohols; Australian; Binge drinking; Cannabis; Care and treatment; Community; Community health services; Crime; Cross-Sectional Studies; Discrimination; Drinking behavior; Drug abuse; Evaluation; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Females; Gender; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Indigenous; Indigenous peoples; Interviews as Topic; Legal intervention; Liquor; Local government; Male; Males; Management; Middle Aged; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander - statistics & numerical data; Native peoples; Police; Polls & surveys; Queensland - epidemiology; Regression analysis; Reliability analysis; Reliability aspects; Reproducibility of Results; Roads & highways; Rural areas; Safety; Sample size; Studies; Violence; Violence - prevention & control; Violence - statistics & numerical data; Young Adult; Queensland; Queensland Australia; Australia; Torres Strait; Evaluation; Alcohol; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander; Legal intervention; Indigenous; Australian
• ISSN: 1471-2458; 1471-2458
• DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3995-8

In Australia, 'Alcohol Management Plans' (AMPs) provide the policy infrastructure for State and Commonwealth Governments to address problematic alcohol use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. We report community residents' experiences of AMPs in 10 of Queensland's 15 remote Indigenous communities.
This cross-sectional study used a two-stage sampling strategy: N = 1211; 588 (48%) males, 623 (52%) females aged ≥18 years in 10 communities. Seven propositions about 'favourable' impacts and seven about 'unfavourable' impacts were developed from semi-structured interviews. For each proposition, one-sample tests of proportions examined participant agreement and multivariable binary logistic regressions assessed influences of gender, age (18-24, 25-44, 45-64, ≥65 years), residence (≥6 years), current drinking and Indigenous status. Confirmatory factor analyses estimated scale reliability (ρ), item loadings and covariances.
Slim majorities agreed that: AMPs reduced violence (53%, p = 0.024); community a better place to live (54%, 0.012); and children were safer (56%, p < 0.001). More agreed that: school attendance improved (66%, p < 0.001); and awareness of alcohol's harms increased (71%, p < 0.001). Participants were equivocal about improved personal safety (53%, p = 0.097) and reduced violence against women (49%, p = 0.362). The seven 'favourable' items reliably summarized participants' experiences of reduced violence and improved community amenity (ρ = 0.90). Stronger agreement was found for six 'unfavourable' items: alcohol availability not reduced (58%, p < 0.001); drinking not reduced (56%, p < 0.001)); cannabis use increased (69%, p < 0.001); more binge drinking (73%, p < 0.001); discrimination experienced (77%, p < 0.001); increased fines, convictions and criminal records for breaching restrictions (90%, p < 0.001). Participants were equivocal (51% agreed, p = 0.365) that police could enforce restrictions effectively. 'Unfavourable' items were not reliably reflected in one group (ρ = 0.48) but in: i) alcohol availability and consumption not reduced and ii) criminalization and discrimination. In logistic regressions, longer-term (≥ 6 years) residents more likely agreed that violence against women had reduced and that personal safety had improved but also that criminalization and binge drinking had increased. Younger people disagreed that their community was a better place to live and strongly agreed about discrimination. Current drinkers' views differed little from the sample overall.
The present Government review provides an opportunity to reinforce 'favourable' outcomes while targeting: illicit alcohol, treatment and diversion services and reconciliation of criminalization and discrimination issues.