Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Prognostic Determinants Among Clinical, Histopathologic, and Computed Tomography Findings

• Published in: The Annals of thoracic surgery Vol. 99; no. 2; pp. 462 - 470
• Main Authors: Moon, Jung Won, MD, Lee, Kyung Soo, MD, Shin, Myung-Hee, MD, Kim, Seonwoo, PhD, Woo, Sook Young, MS, Lee, Geewon, MD, Han, Joungho, MD, Shim, Young Mog, MD, Choi, Yong Soo, MD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01-02-2015
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiothoracic Surgery; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial - diagnosis; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial - diagnostic imaging; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial - mortality; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial - pathology; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial - surgery; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Surgery; Survival Rate; Thymus Neoplasms - diagnosis; Thymus Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Thymus Neoplasms - mortality; Thymus Neoplasms - pathology; Thymus Neoplasms - surgery; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult; 13
• ISSN: 0003-4975; 1552-6259
• DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.09.050

Background The Masaoka-Koga staging system has been known as the strongest prognostic factor for both survival and recurrence of thymic epithelial tumor (TET). The purpose of our study was to find prognostic determinants among computed tomography (CT), histopathologic, and clinical features of TET. Methods Two radiologists reviewed retrospectively CT findings of 437 patients (male 242, female 195; mean age, 51 years) with TET. With medical record review, surgico-histopathologic results were subcategorized into Masaoka-Koga stages I through IV and World Health Organization histopathologic classifications A-B1, B2-B3, and carcinoma. Overall survival and progression-free survival were analyzed. Clinical, histopathologic, and CT features were correlated from each other. Results In all, 437 tumors were in Masaoka-Koga stage I (n = 147, 33.6%), stage II (n = 121, 27.7%), stage III (n = 76, 17.4%), or stage IV (n = 93, 21.3%); A and B1 (n = 114, 26.1%) and B2 and B3 TET (n = 223, 51.0%); and thymic carcinoma (n = 100, 22.9%). In multivariable analyses, age, Masaoka-Koga stage IV, thymic carcinoma, and CT stages III and IV were significantly correlated with overall survival ( p < 0.05), whereas adjuvant treatment, Masaoka-Koga stages III and IV, World Health Organization B2 and B3, thymic carcinoma, R2 resection, CT size, and CT stage IV were significantly associated with progression-free survival ( p < 0.05). Computed tomography stages showed moderate association with Masaoka-Koga stages ( K  = 0.621). Conclusions For TET, CT staging is effective in distinguishing both overall survival and progression-free survival, and patients with Masaoka-Koga stage IV or thymic carcinoma or CT stage IV have the worst prognosis.