Prevalence and Factors Associated with Drooling in Parkinson’s Disease: Results from a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort and Comparison with a Control Group

• Published in: Parkinson's disease Vol. 2023; pp. 3104425 - 18
• Main Authors: Santos-García, Diego, de Deus Fonticoba, Teresa, Cores Bartolomé, Carlos, Feal Painceiras, Maria J., Íñiguez-Alvarado, Maria Cristina, Jesús, Silvia, Buongiorno, Maria Teresa, Planellas, Lluís, Cosgaya, Marina, García Caldentey, Juan, Caballol, Nuria, Legarda, Ines, Hernández Vara, Jorge, Cabo, Iria, López Manzanares, Lydia, González Aramburu, Isabel, Ávila Rivera, Maria A., Gómez Mayordomo, Víctor, Nogueira, Víctor, Puente, Víctor, Dotor García-Soto, Julio, Borrué, Carmen, Solano Vila, Berta, Álvarez Sauco, María, Vela, Lydia, Escalante, Sonia, Cubo, Esther, Carrillo Padilla, Francisco, Martínez Castrillo, Juan C., Sánchez Alonso, Pilar, Alonso Losada, Maria G., López Ariztegui, Nuria, Gastón, Itziar, Kulisevsky, Jaime, Blázquez Estrada, Marta, Seijo, Manuel, Rúiz Martínez, Javier, Valero, Caridad, Kurtis, Mónica, de Fábregues, Oriol, González Ardura, Jessica, Alonso Redondo, Ruben, Ordás, Carlos, López Díaz, Luis M. L., McAfee, Darrian, Martinez-Martin, Pablo, Mir, Pablo, COPPADIS, Study Group
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Hindawi 06-04-2023; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Activities of daily living; Dysphagia; Males; Movement disorders; Neurodegenerative diseases; Parkinson's disease; Patients; Questionnaires; Regression analysis; Saliva; Variables; Spain
• ISSN: 2090-8083; 2042-0080
• DOI: 10.1155/2023/3104425

Introduction. Drooling in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is frequent but often goes underrecognized. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of drooling in a PD cohort and compare it with a control group. Specifically, we identified factors associated with drooling and conducted subanalyses in a subgroup of very early PD patients. Patients and Methods. PD patients who were recruited from January 2016 to November 2017 (baseline visit; V0) and evaluated again at a 2-year ± 30-day follow-up (V2) from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in this longitudinal prospective study. Subjects were classified as with or without drooling according to item 19 of the NMSS (Nonmotor Symptoms Scale) at V0, V1 (1-year ± 15 days), and V2 for patients and at V0 and V2 for controls. Results. The frequency of drooling in PD patients was 40.1% (277/691) at V0 (2.4% (5/201) in controls; p < 0.0001), 43.7% (264/604) at V1, and 48.2% (242/502) at V2 (3.2% (4/124) in controls; p < 0.0001), with a period prevalence of 63.6% (306/481). Being older (OR = 1.032; p = 0.012), being male (OR = 2.333; p < 0.0001), having greater nonmotor symptom (NMS) burden at the baseline (NMSS total score at V0; OR = 1.020; p < 0.0001), and having a greater increase in the NMS burden from V0 to V2 (change in the NMSS total score from V0 to V2; OR = 1.012; p < 0.0001) were identified as independent predictors of drooling after the 2-year follow-up. Similar results were observed in the group of patients with ≤2 years since symptom onset, with a cumulative prevalence of 64.6% and a higher score on the UPDRS-III at V0 (OR = 1.121; p = 0.007) as a predictor of drooling at V2. Conclusion. Drooling is frequent in PD patients even at the initial onset of the disease and is associated with a greater motor severity and NMS burden.