Anserine and glucosamine supplementation attenuates the levels of inflammatory markers in rats with rheumatoid arthritis

• Published in: AMB Express Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 57
• Main Authors: Zhao, Jiang Minghao, Chen, Xiang, Cheng, Ke, Shi, Qingming, Peng, Kun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 20-03-2020; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Alanine; Anserine; Antioxidant; Arthritis; Autoimmune diseases; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; Catalase; Ceruloplasmin; Glucosamine; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; IL-1β; Inflammation; Interleukin 6; Life Sciences; Lipid peroxidation; Lipids; Matrix metalloproteinase; Matrix metalloproteinases; Metalloproteinase; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microbiology; mRNA; Muscles; NF-κB protein; Nitric oxide; Nitric-oxide synthase; Oral administration; Original; Original Article; Peroxidase; Prostaglandin E2; Proteins; Rats; Rheumatoid arthritis; Serum levels; Skeletal muscle; Stromelysin 1; Superoxide dismutase; Supplements; Synovium; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Uric acid; Zinc; Rats; Glucosamine; Antioxidant; Rheumatoid arthritis; Anserine
• ISSN: 2191-0855; 2191-0855
• DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-00987-8

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the joint synovium. Anserine is a functional dipeptide containing methylhistidine and β-alanine, and is present in the brain and skeletal muscle of birds and mammals. Glucosamine is an amino sugar used in the synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. We evaluated the effects of anserine and glucosamine on RA. Rats were assigned into the control group, RA group, anserine group (1 mg/kg), glucosamine group (200 mg/kg), or anserine plus glucosamine group (anserine, 1 mg/kg + glucosamine, 200 mg/kg). Treatment was continued for 45 consecutive days and was administered orally. The serum levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, uric acid, nitric oxide, ceruloplasmin, zinc, copper, prostaglandin E
2
(PGE
2
), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were assayed. The mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in synovial tissue were also determined. Anserine plus glucosamine significantly increased the catalase, SOD, Gpx, GSH, and zinc levels compared to the control, anserine, and glucosamine groups. Also, anserine plus glucosamine significantly reduced the PGE
2
, MMP-3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels compared to the control, anserine, and glucosamine groups. Furthermore, anserine plus glucosamine significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB and iNOS compared to the control, anserine, and glucosamine groups. Therefore, supplementation of anserine plus glucosamine shows therapeutic potential for RA.