Photo-induced halide redistribution in organic–inorganic perovskite films

Organic–inorganic perovskites such as CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 are promising materials for a variety of optoelectronic applications, with certified power conversion efficiencies in solar cells already exceeding 21%. Nevertheless, state-of-the-art films still contain performance-limiting non-radiative recombi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Nature communications Vol. 7; no. 1; p. 11683
Main Authors:	deQuilettes, Dane W., Zhang, Wei, Burlakov, Victor M., Graham, Daniel J., Leijtens, Tomas, Osherov, Anna, Bulović, Vladimir, Snaith, Henry J., Ginger, David S., Stranks, Samuel D.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 24-05-2016 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Subjects:	140/125 639/301/299 639/624/1075/401 639/766/400 anomalous hysteresis Calcium Compounds - chemistry Calcium Compounds - radiation effects CH3NH3PbI3 diffusion electron Humanities and Social Sciences Iodides - chemistry Iodides - radiation effects Iodine Iodine - chemistry Iodine - radiation effects Lead - chemistry Lead - radiation effects lead-iodide Lifetime Light Luminescent Measurements - methods Mass spectrometry MATERIALS SCIENCE Methylamines - chemistry Methylamines - radiation effects Microscopy Microscopy, Confocal - methods multidisciplinary Oxides - chemistry Oxides - radiation effects photoluminescence recombination Science Science (multidisciplinary) Scientific imaging single-crystals solar-cells Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion - methods thin-films Titanium - chemistry Titanium - radiation effects United Kingdom > UK United States > US Massachusetts
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Summary:	Organic–inorganic perovskites such as CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 are promising materials for a variety of optoelectronic applications, with certified power conversion efficiencies in solar cells already exceeding 21%. Nevertheless, state-of-the-art films still contain performance-limiting non-radiative recombination sites and exhibit a range of complex dynamic phenomena under illumination that remain poorly understood. Here we use a unique combination of confocal photoluminescence (PL) microscopy and chemical imaging to correlate the local changes in photophysics with composition in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 films under illumination. We demonstrate that the photo-induced ‘brightening’ of the perovskite PL can be attributed to an order-of-magnitude reduction in trap state density. By imaging the same regions with time-of-flight secondary-ion-mass spectrometry, we correlate this photobrightening with a net migration of iodine. Our work provides visual evidence for photo-induced halide migration in triiodide perovskites and reveals the complex interplay between charge carrier populations, electronic traps and mobile halides that collectively impact optoelectronic performance. Visual evidence for photo-induced ionic migration in perovskite films without contacts is lacking. Here, the authors use a unique combination of confocal photoluminescence microscopy and chemical imaging to correlate the local changes in photophysics with composition in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 films under illumination.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) SC0013957; SC0001088 Present address: School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Beevor Street, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK.
ISSN:	2041-1723 2041-1723
DOI:	10.1038/ncomms11683