Clinical, parasitological and molecular profiles of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and its associated factors among clinically suspected patients attending Borumeda Hospital, North-East Ethiopia

• Published in: PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 14; no. 8; p. e0008507
• Main Authors: Bisetegn, Habtye, Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw, Gadisa, Endalamaw, Shumie, Girma, Damte, Demekech, Fenta, Tiruework, Behaksra, Sinkinesh, Bayih, Abebe Genetu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: San Francisco Public Library of Science 01-08-2020; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Age groups; Agricultural land; Alcohol; Biology and Life Sciences; Confidence intervals; Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Dermatology; Diagnosis; DNA; Ethics; Etiology; Females; Head; Health risks; Health sciences; Hospitals; Infections; Laboratories; Lesions; Medicine and Health Sciences; Nucleotide sequence; Parasites; Parasitic diseases; Parasitology; Patients; PCR; People and Places; Polymerase chain reaction; Profiles; Public health; Questionnaires; Random sampling; Regions; Research and Analysis Methods; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Risk factors; Sampling methods; Skin; Sociodemographics; Socioeconomic factors; Software; Species identification; Statistical analysis; Statistical sampling; Statistics; Tropical climate; Tropical diseases; Vector-borne diseases; Villages; Ethiopia; Addis Ababa Ethiopia
• ISSN: 1935-2735; 1935-2727; 1935-2735
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008507

Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases increasing in its public health importance. In Ethiopia over 28 million people are living at risk of infection. Method Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at Borumeda Hospital from February to May 2019. A total 205 leishmaniasis suspected patients were included by systematic random sampling technique. Socio demographic characteristics were collected using pre-tested questionnaires. Parasitological investigation was done from skin slit sample by using Geimsa staining method. Species identification was done by PCR-RFLP. Data were entered in to EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. P-value of [less than or equal to] 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result A total of 205 participants consisting 59% male and 41% female included in this study. The mean age (±SD) of the study participants was 31.9 (±14.29). The overall prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis was 22.4% (46/205). The prevalence in males (13.7%) was higher than in females (8.8%). It was more prevalent in the age group 16-45years old (15.6%). Clinically, 60% of patients' hade single lesion with 1.55 average number of lesions. About 30.7% of patients' had indurated plaque type of lesion. Most of the lesions were found on head and face (59%). House near to farmland, presence of hyrax in the village and presence of other cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the neighborhood were independent predicator of cutaneous leishmaniasis prevalence. L.aethopica was found to be the etiologic agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the study participants. Conclusion The prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis was 22.4%, this alerts the need of intervention. It is statistically associated with house near to farm land, presence of other cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the neighborhood and presence of hyrax in village. Head and face were the most common sites of lesion.