Nobiletin-loaded composite penetration enhancer vesicles restore the normal miRNA expression and the chief defence antioxidant levels in skin cancer

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 11; no. 1; pp. 20197 - 18
• Main Authors: Bayoumi, Mahitab, Arafa, Mona G., Nasr, Maha, Sammour, Omaima A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 12-10-2021; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/67/1813; 639/925/352/152; 639/925/352/2733; Animals; Anthracenes - adverse effects; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - administration & dosage; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - chemistry; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - pharmacology; Antioxidants; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - chemically induced; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - drug therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - genetics; Cell Line, Tumor; Cytotoxicity; Drug Carriers - chemistry; Drug Compounding; Flavones - administration & dosage; Flavones - chemistry; Flavones - pharmacology; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - drug effects; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Male; Mice; MicroRNAs - genetics; miRNA; multidisciplinary; Oxidative stress; Particle Size; Piperidines - adverse effects; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Skin cancer; Skin Neoplasms - chemically induced; Skin Neoplasms - drug therapy; Skin Neoplasms - genetics; Thin films; Vesicles; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Zeta potential
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99756-1

Skin cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases, leading to massive losses and high death rates worldwide. Topical delivery of nutraceuticals is considered a suitable approach for efficient and safe treatment of skin cancer. Nobiletin; a flavone occurring in citrus fruits has been reported to inhibit proliferation of carcinogenesis since 1990s, is a promising candidate in this regard. Nobiletin was loaded in various vesicular systems to improve its cytotoxicity against skin cancer. Vesicles were prepared using the thin film hydration method, and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, TEM,
ex-vivo
skin deposition and physical stability. Nobiletin-loaded composite penetration enhancer vesicles (PEVs) and composite transfersomes exhibited particle size 126.70 ± 11.80 nm, 110.10 ± 0.90 nm, zeta potential + 6.10 ± 0.40 mV, + 9.80 ± 2.60 mV, entrapment efficiency 93.50% ± 3.60, 95.60% ± 1.50 and total skin deposition 95.30% ± 3.40, 100.00% ± 2.80, respectively. These formulations were selected for cytotoxicity study on epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). Nobiletin-loaded composite PEVs displayed the lowest IC
50
value, thus was selected for the in vivo study, where it restored skin condition in DMBA induced skin carcinogenesis mice, as delineated by histological and immuno-histochemical analysis, biochemical assessment of skin oxidative stress biomarkers, in addition to miRNA21 and miRNA29A. The outcomes confirmed that nobiletin- loaded composite PEVs is an efficient delivery system combating skin cancer.