Estrogen-Receptor Expression and Function in Female Reproductive Disease

• Published in: Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 8; no. 10; p. 1123
• Main Authors: Tang, Zi-Run, Zhang, Rui, Lian, Zheng-Xing, Deng, Shou-Long, Yu, Kun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21-09-2019; MDPI
• Subjects: 17β-Estradiol; Antiestrogens; Binding sites; Breasts; Cancer therapies; Cell differentiation; Clomiphene; Endocrine disorders; Endometriosis; Endometriosis - genetics; Endometriosis - metabolism; estrogen receptor; Estrogen Receptor alpha - metabolism; Estrogen Receptor beta - metabolism; Estrogen receptors; Estrogens; Female; female reproductive disease; Female reproductive system; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Granulosa Cells - cytology; Growth factors; Humans; Kinases; Ligands; Localization; Membrane proteins; Nuclear receptors; Oocytes - growth & development; Oocytes - metabolism; Ovaries; ovary; Ovulation; Physiology; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - metabolism; Proteins; Receptor mechanisms; Receptors, Estrogen - metabolism; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - metabolism; Reproductive status; Review; Transcription factors; Womens health; estrogen receptor; ovary; female reproductive disease
• ISSN: 2073-4409; 2073-4409
• DOI: 10.3390/cells8101123

Estrogen receptors (ER) include ER alpha, ER beta and new membrane receptor G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). Estrogen receptors are key receptors to maintain ovarian granulosa cell differentiation, follicle and oocyte growth and development, and ovulation function. The abnormal functions of estrogen, its receptors, and estradiol synthesis-related enzymes are closely related to clinical reproductive endocrine diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis (EMS). At present, hormone therapy is the main treatment for ovarian-related diseases, and a stable hormone environment is established by regulating ovarian function. In recent years, some estrogen-related drugs have made great progress, such as clomiphene, which is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen drug in clinical application. This article elaborates on the regulatory role of estrogen and its nuclear receptors and membrane receptors in oocyte development, especially female reproductive diseases related to the abnormal expression of estrogen and its receptors. We also highlighted the latest advances of treatment strategy for these diseases and the application of related targeted small molecule drugs in clinical research and treatment, so as to provide reference for the treatment of female reproductive diseases.