The potential of compounds isolated from Xylaria spp. as antifungal agents against anthracnose

• Published in: Brazilian journal of microbiology Vol. 49; no. 4; pp. 840 - 847
• Main Authors: Elias, Luciana M., Fortkamp, Diana, Sartori, Sérgio B., Ferreira, Marília C., Gomes, Luiz H., Azevedo, João L., Montoya, Quimi V., Rodrigues, André, Ferreira, Antonio G., Lira, Simone P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Brazil Elsevier Editora Ltda 01-10-2018; Springer Nature B.V; Elsevier; Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia
• Subjects: 2-Hexylidene-3-methylbutanedioic acid; Acids; Agricultural economics; Agrochemicals; Amazon; Anthracnose; Antifungal activity; Antifungal agents; Captan; Chromatography; Colletotrichum - drug effects; Colletotrichum - physiology; Control methods; Crop diseases; Crops; Cultivars; Cytochalasin D; Difenoconazole; Economic impact; Endophytes; Endophytes - chemistry; Endophytes - genetics; Endophytes - isolation & purification; Endophytes - metabolism; Fungi; Fungicides; Fungicides, Industrial - chemistry; Fungicides, Industrial - isolation & purification; Fungicides, Industrial - pharmacology; Mass Spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; MICROBIOLOGY; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Molecular Structure; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Pathogens; Paullinia - microbiology; Peppers; Pesticides; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases - microbiology; Plant Diseases - prevention & control; Plant pathogen; Pruning; Research Paper; Xylariales - chemistry; Xylariales - genetics; Xylariales - isolation & purification; Xylariales - metabolism; Anthracnose; Plant pathogen; Amazon; 2-Hexylidene-3-methylbutanedioic acid
• ISSN: 1517-8382; 1678-4405; 1678-4405
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.03.003

Anthracnose is a crop disease usually caused by fungi in the genus Colletotrichum or Gloeosporium. These are considered one of the main pathogens, causing significant economic losses, such as in peppers and guarana. The current forms of control include the use of resistant cultivars, sanitary pruning and fungicides. However, even with the use of some methods of controlling these cultures, the crops are not free of anthracnose. Additionally, excessive application of fungicides increases the resistance of pathogens to agrochemicals and cause harm to human health and the environment. In order to find natural antifungal agents against guarana anthracnose, endophytic fungi were isolated from Amazon guarana. The compounds piliformic acid and cytochalasin D were isolated by chromatographic techniques from two Xylaria spp., guided by assays with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The isolated compounds were identified by spectrometric techniques, as NMR and mass spectrometry. This is the first report that piliformic acid and cytochalasin D have antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides with MIC 2.92 and 2.46μmolmL−1 respectively. Captan and difenoconazole were included as positive controls (MIC 16.63 and 0.02μmolmL−1, respectively). Thus, Xylaria species presented a biotechnological potential and production of different active compounds which might be promising against anthracnose disease.