Extrinsic factors influencing gut microbes, the immediate consequences and restoring eubiosis

• Published in: AMB Express Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 130
• Main Authors: Bajinka, Ousman, Tan, Yurong, Abdelhalim, Khalid A., Özdemir, Güven, Qiu, Xiangjie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 25-07-2020; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Antibiotics; Biological activity; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; Carbohydrates; Chemotherapy; Digestive system; Drug therapy; Dysbacteriosis; Dysbiosis; Fecal microflora; Feed additives; Fermented food; Gastrointestinal tract; Gut microbiota; Homeostasis; Infants; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Life Sciences; Mediterranean diet; Metabolites; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microbiology; Microbiomes; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Mini-Review; Oxidative stress; Pharmacokinetics; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Vagina; Water quality; Gut microbiota; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Dysbiosis; Mediterranean diet
• ISSN: 2191-0855; 2191-0855
• DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01066-8

From the emerging studies, the more diverse the microbial population in the gut, the healthier the gut. Health benefits are associated with the functional characteristics of these diverse microbial genes. Extrinsic factors causing dysbiosis are extensively studied however, linking the varying degree of consequences to the respective factors and therapeutic possibilities are not explored at length. This review aims to examine from previous studies and put forward the types of dysbiosis, the immediate consequences and the scientific approaches to restore disrupted microbiota. Dietary supplements are found to be one of the factors contributing profoundly to the alteration of gut microbiota. While diet rich in fibre and fermented food established a diverse microbiome and produce vital metabolites, high fat, animal proteins and high caloric carbohydrate are as well relative to dysbiosis among infants, adult or diseases individuals. The intermittent fasting, feeding methods, the pH and water quality are among the factors associated with dysbiosis. Prebiotics and Probiotics maintain and restore gut homeostasis. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis are relatively on the spectrum of activity, the pharmacokinetics properties, the dose taken during the treatment route of administration and the duration of drug therapy. The higher the altitude, the lesser the diversity. Extreme temperatures as well are related to reduced microbial activity and metabolism. Delivery through caserium-section deprived the newborn from restoring valuable vaginal bacterial species and the baby will instead assumed intestinal microbiota-like. While exercise and oxidative stress contribute even though moderately, fecal microbial transfer (FMT) also influence gut microbiota.