Validation and optimization of the French Generic Adherence for Chronic Diseases Profile (GACID-P) using classical test and item response theory

• Published in: Health and quality of life outcomes Vol. 21; no. 1; p. 49
• Main Authors: Rotonda, Christine, Guillemin, F, Conroy, T, Alleyrat, C, Lefevre, B, Soudant, M, Tarquinio, C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 24-05-2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Addictive behaviors; Adherence profile; Analysis; Arthritis; Calibration; Cancer therapies; Cardiology; Cardiovascular disease; Care and treatment; Chronic Disease; Chronic diseases; Chronic illnesses; Classical test theory; Content analysis; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diagnosis; Diet; Education; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Family physicians; Focus groups; Generic; Health aspects; Health psychology; Health services; Healthy Lifestyle; Heart; HIV; Hospitals; Human health and pathology; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Item response theory; Life Sciences; Life style; Lifestyles; Management; Medical personnel; Optimization; Osteoporosis; Patient compliance; Patients; Professionals; Psychologists; Qualitative analysis; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Rheumatology; The generic adherence for chronic Diseases Profile; Tobacco; Validation; France; The generic adherence for chronic Diseases Profile; Validation; Adherence profile; Generic; Item response theory
• ISSN: 1477-7525; 1477-7525
• DOI: 10.1186/s12955-023-02130-0

The Generic Adherence for Chronic Diseases Profile is a French generic scale (GACID-P) developed to measure adherence in several disease areas such as cardiology, rheumatology, diabetes, cancer and infectiology.
We aimed to study the measurement invariance of the Generic Adherence for Chronic Diseases Profile by an item response model, optimize the new instrument version from item response model and qualitative content analyses results, and validate the instrument. The metric properties of the optimized version were studied according to classical test theory and item response model analysis.
A sample of 397 patients consulting at two French hospitals (in diabetes, cardiology, rheumatology, cancerology and infectiology) and in four private practices was recruited; 314 (79%) patients also completed the questionnaire 15 days later. Factor analyses revealed four dimensions: "Forgetting to take medication", "Intention to comply with treatment", "Limitation of risk-related consumer habits" and "Healthy lifestyle". The item response model and content analyses optimized these four dimensions, regrouping 32 items in four dimensions of 25 items, including one item conditioned on tobacco use. The psychometric properties and scale calibration were satisfactory. One score per dimension was calculated as the sum of the items for the dimensions "Forgetting to take medication" and "Intention to comply with treatment" and as a weighted score according to the item response model analysis for the two other dimensions because of differential item functioning found for two items.
Four adherence profile scores were obtained. The instrument validity was documented by a theoretical approach and content analysis. The Generic Adherence for Chronic Diseases Profile is now available for research targeting adherence in a broad perspective.