Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles in Healthy Nondiabetic Participants: A Multicenter Prospective Study

• Published in: The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 104; no. 10; pp. 4356 - 4364
• Main Authors: Shah, Viral N, DuBose, Stephanie N, Li, Zoey, Beck, Roy W, Peters, Anne L, Weinstock, Ruth S, Kruger, Davida, Tansey, Michael, Sparling, David, Woerner, Stephanie, Vendrame, Francesco, Bergenstal, Richard, Tamborlane, William V, Watson, Sara E, Sherr, Jennifer
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC Endocrine Society 01-10-2019; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age; Age Factors; Age groups; Aged; Analysis; Benchmarking; Blood Glucose - analysis; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring - methods; Blood sugar monitoring; Body mass index; Child; Circadian Rhythm; Clinical s; Dextrose; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetics; Female; Glucose; Glucose monitoring; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyperglycemia - diagnosis; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemia - diagnosis; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Physiologic - methods; Patient monitoring equipment; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; Sensors; Sex Factors; Young Adult; Florida; United States
• ISSN: 0021-972X; 1945-7197
• DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02763

Abstract
Context
Use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is increasing for insulin-requiring patients with diabetes. Although data on glycemic profiles of healthy, nondiabetic individuals exist for older sensors, assessment of glycemic metrics with new-generation CGM devices is lacking.
Objective
To establish reference sensor glucose ranges in healthy, nondiabetic individuals across different age groups using a current generation CGM sensor.
Design
Multicenter, prospective study.
Setting
Twelve centers within the T1D Exchange Clinic Network.
Patients or Participants
Nonpregnant, healthy, nondiabetic children and adults (age ≥6 years) with nonobese body mass index.
Intervention
Each participant wore a blinded Dexcom G6 CGM, with once-daily calibration, for up to 10 days.
Main Outcome Measures
CGM metrics of mean glucose, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability.
Results
A total of 153 participants (age 7 to 80 years) were included in the analyses. Mean average glucose was 98 to 99 mg/dL (5.4 to 5.5 mmol/L) for all age groups except those over 60 years, in whom mean average glucose was 104 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). The median time between 70 to 140 mg/dL (3.9 to 7.8 mmol/L) was 96% (interquartile range, 93 to 98). Mean within-individual coefficient of variation was 17 ± 3%. Median time spent with glucose levels >140 mg/dL was 2.1% (30 min/d), and median time spent with glucose levels <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) was 1.1% (15 min/d).
Conclusion
By assessing across age groups in a healthy, nondiabetic population, normative sensor glucose data have been derived and will be useful as a benchmark for future research studies.
This study provides normative sensor glucose data in a healthy, nondiabetic population of children and adults.