Onset and Evolution of Southern Annular Mode-Like Changes at Centennial Timescale

The Southern Westerly Winds (SWW) are the surface expression of geostrophic winds that encircle the southern mid-latitudes. In conjunction with the Southern Ocean, they establish a coupled system that not only controls climate in the southern third of the world, but is also closely connected to the...

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Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 8; no. 1; pp. 3458 - 9
Main Authors: Moreno, P. I., Vilanova, I., Villa-Martínez, R., Dunbar, R. B., Mucciarone, D. A., Kaplan, M. R., Garreaud, R. D., Rojas, M., Moy, C. M., De Pol-Holz, R., Lambert, F.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 22-02-2018
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Summary:The Southern Westerly Winds (SWW) are the surface expression of geostrophic winds that encircle the southern mid-latitudes. In conjunction with the Southern Ocean, they establish a coupled system that not only controls climate in the southern third of the world, but is also closely connected to the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and CO 2 degassing from the deep ocean. Paradoxically, little is known about their behavior since the last ice age and relationships with mid-latitude glacier history and tropical climate variability. Here we present a lake sediment record from Chilean Patagonia (51°S) that reveals fluctuations of the low-level SWW at mid-latitudes, including strong westerlies during the Antarctic Cold Reversal, anomalously low intensity during the early Holocene, which was unfavorable for glacier growth, and strong SWW since ~7.5 ka. We detect nine positive Southern Annular Mode-like events at centennial timescale since ~5.8 ka that alternate with cold/wet intervals favorable for glacier expansions (Neoglaciations) in southern Patagonia. The correspondence of key features of mid-latitude atmospheric circulation with shifts in tropical climate since ~10 ka suggests that coherent climatic shifts in these regions have driven climate change in vast sectors of the Southern Hemisphere at centennial and millennial timescales.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-21836-6