The Challenge of Diagnosing Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Children: A Review of Existing and Emerging Tools

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for immunocompromised children, particularly for patients with acute leukaemia and those undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Timely diagnosis, using a combination of computed tomography (CT) imaging an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Mycopathologia (1975) Vol. 188; no. 5; pp. 731 - 743
Main Authors:	Yeoh, Daniel K., McMullan, Brendan J., Clark, Julia E., Slavin, Monica A., Haeusler, Gabrielle M., Blyth, Christopher C.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-10-2023 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Antifungal agents Aspergillosis Biomedical and Life Sciences Biopsy Bronchus Children Computed tomography CT imaging Development and progression Diagnostic imaging Eukaryotic Microbiology Fungal infections Health maintenance organizations Hematopoietic stem cells Lavage Leukemia Life Sciences Medical colleges Medical Microbiology Microbial Ecology Microbiology Morbidity Mortality Plant Sciences Prognosis Pulmonary aspergillosis Review Stem cell transplantation Stem cells Tazobactam Transplantation Aspergillus Diagnostic mycology Diagnostic imaging Children Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
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Summary:	Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for immunocompromised children, particularly for patients with acute leukaemia and those undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Timely diagnosis, using a combination of computed tomography (CT) imaging and microbiological testing, is key to improve prognosis, yet there are inherent challenges in this process. For CT imaging, changes in children are generally less specific than those reported in adults and recent data are limited. Respiratory sampling by either bronchoalveolar lavage or lung biopsy is recommended but is not always feasible in children, and serum biomarkers, including galactomannan, have important limitations. In this review we summarise the current paediatric data on available diagnostic tests for IPA and highlight key emerging diagnostic modalities with potential for future use.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 Handling Editor: Martin Hoenigl.
ISSN:	0301-486X 1573-0832
DOI:	10.1007/s11046-023-00714-4