Cloud vertical structure, precipitation, and cloud radiative effects over Tibetan Plateau and its neighboring regions

• Published in: Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres Vol. 121; no. 10; pp. 5864 - 5877
• Main Authors: Yan, Yafei, Liu, Yimin, Lu, Jianhua
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington Blackwell Publishing Ltd 27-05-2016
• Subjects: Atmosphere; Atmospheres; Atmospheric precipitations; CALIPSO (Pathfinder satellite); cloud; Cloud amount; cloud radiative effects; Cloud thickness; Cloud-precipitation relationships; Clouds; CloudSat/CALIPSO; Compressing; Compression; Compressive strength; Cooling; Cooling effects; Geophysics; Heating; Hydrologic data; Lidar; Meteorological satellites; Ocean currents; Oceans; Plateaus; Precipitation; Precipitation (meteorology); Precipitation data; Radiative heating; Rain; Rainfall; Rainfall intensity; Satellite observation; Seasonal variation; Seasonal variations; Thickness; Tibetan Plateau; Topographic effects; Topography; Tropical climate; Tropical rainfall; Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); Vertical profiles; Tibetan Plateau; China, People's Rep., Xizang, Tibetan Plateau
• ISSN: 2169-897X; 2169-8996
• DOI: 10.1002/2015JD024591

The vertical structure of clouds and its connection with precipitation and cloud radiative effects (CRE) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are analyzed and compared with its neighboring land and tropical oceans based on CloudSat and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) products and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation data. Unique characteristics of cloud vertical structure and CRE over the TP are found. The cloud amount shows seasonal variation over the TP, which presents a single peak (located in 7–11 km) during January to April and two peaks (located in 5–8 km and 11–17 km separately) after mid‐June, and then resumes to one peak (located in 5–10 km) after mid‐August. Topography‐induced restriction on moisture supply leads to a compression effect on clouds, i.e., the reduction in both cloud thickness and number of cloud layers, over the TP. The topography‐induced compression effect is also shown in the range in the variation of cloud thickness and cloud‐top height corresponding to different precipitation intensity, which is much smaller over the TP than its neighboring regions. The longwave CRE in the atmosphere over the TP is a net cooling effect. The vertical structure of CRE over the TP is unique compared to other regions: there exists a strong cooling layer of net CRE at the altitude of 8 km, from June to the beginning of October; the net radiative heating layer above the surface is shallower but stronger underneath 7 km and with a stronger seasonal variation over the TP.
Key Points
The compression effect of the Tibetan Plateau on cloud vertical structure
The longwave CRE in the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau is a net cooling effect
Unique vertical structure of CRE over the Tibetan Plateau