Aerosol vertical distribution and optical properties over China from long-term satellite and ground-based remote sensing

• Published in: Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol. 17; no. 4; pp. 2509 - 2523
• Main Authors: Tian, Pengfei, Cao, Xianjie, Zhang, Lei, Sun, Naixiu, Sun, Lu, Logan, Timothy, Shi, Jinsen, Wang, Yuan, Ji, Yuemeng, Lin, Yun, Huang, Zhongwei, Zhou, Tian, Shi, Yingying, Zhang, Renyi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Katlenburg-Lindau Copernicus GmbH 17-02-2017; Copernicus Publications
• Subjects: Absorptivity; Aerosol effects; Aerosol extinction; Aerosol optical properties; Aerosol Robotic Network; Aerosol vertical distribution; Aerosols; Air pollution; Anthropogenic factors; Arid climates; Aridity; Atmosphere; Atmospheric aerosols; Atmospheric boundary layer; Atmospheric particulates; Atmospheric sciences; Atmospheric stability; Boundary layers; Climate; Climate change; Climate effects; Color; Colour; Convective mixing; Depolarization; Deserts; Distribution; Dust; Dust origin; Dust storms; Endangered & extinct species; Extinction; Ground-based observation; Lapse rate; Lidar; Lidar measurements; Long-range transport; Marine aerosols; Meteorological conditions; Optical properties; Outdoor air quality; Plateaus; Pollution dispersion; Ratios; Regions; Remote sensing; Rivers; Satellite observation; Satellites; Seasonal variation; Seasonal variations; Secondary aerosols; Semiarid climates; Semiarid environments; Spatial variations; Spring; Spring (season); Stability analysis; Summer; Transport; Troposphere; Upper troposphere; Vertical distribution; Weather; Winter; Tibetan Plateau; United States > US; Texas; China; Sichuan Basin; Taklamakan Desert; Yangtze River Delta; Pearl River (China); Loess Plateau
• ISSN: 1680-7324; 1680-7316; 1680-7324
• DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-2509-2017

The seasonal and spatial variations of vertical distribution and optical properties of aerosols over China are studied using long-term satellite observations from the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and ground-based lidar observations and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data. The CALIOP products are validated using the ground-based lidar measurements at the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL). The Taklamakan Desert and Tibetan Plateau regions exhibit the highest depolarization and color ratios because of the natural dust origin, whereas the North China Plain, Sichuan Basin and Yangtze River Delta show the lowest depolarization and color ratios because of aerosols from secondary formation of the anthropogenic origin. Certain regions, such as the North China Plain in spring and the Loess Plateau in winter, show intermediate depolarization and color ratios because of mixed dust and anthropogenic aerosols. In the Pearl River Delta region, the depolarization and color ratios are similar to but higher than those of the other polluted regions because of combined anthropogenic and marine aerosols. Long-range transport of dust in the middle and upper troposphere in spring is well captured by the CALIOP observations. The seasonal variations in the aerosol vertical distributions reveal efficient transport of aerosols from the atmospheric boundary layer to the free troposphere because of summertime convective mixing. The aerosol extinction lapse rates in autumn and winter are more positive than those in spring and summer, indicating trapped aerosols within the boundary layer because of stabler meteorological conditions. More than 80 % of the column aerosols are distributed within 1.5 km above the ground in winter, when the aerosol extinction lapse rate exhibits a maximum seasonal average in all study regions except for the Tibetan Plateau. The aerosol extinction lapse rates in the polluted regions are higher than those of the less polluted regions, indicating a stabilized atmosphere due to absorptive aerosols in the polluted regions. Our results reveal that the satellite and ground-based remote-sensing measurements provide the key information on the long-term seasonal and spatial variations in the aerosol vertical distribution and optical properties, regional aerosol types, long-range transport and atmospheric stability, which can be utilized to more precisely assess the direct and indirect aerosol effects on weather and climate.