Bioprospecting marine plankton

• Published in: Marine drugs Vol. 11; no. 11; pp. 4594 - 4611
• Main Authors: Abida, Heni, Ruchaud, Sandrine, Rios, Laurent, Humeau, Anne, Probert, Ian, De Vargas, Colomban, Bach, Stéphane, Bowler, Chris
• Format: Journal Article Book Review
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 14-11-2013; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; biodiversity; Biomass; bioprospecting; Environmental Sciences; high-throughput screening; Humans; Life Sciences; Marine Biology - methods; marine natural product; molecule discovery; Oceans and Seas; Plankton - physiology; plankton natural product; Review; bioprospecting; molecule discovery; plankton natural product; biodiversity; marine natural product; high-throughput screening
• ISSN: 1660-3397; 1660-3397
• DOI: 10.3390/md11114594

The ocean dominates the surface of our planet and plays a major role in regulating the biosphere. For example, the microscopic photosynthetic organisms living within provide 50% of the oxygen we breathe, and much of our food and mineral resources are extracted from the ocean. In a time of ecological crisis and major changes in our society, it is essential to turn our attention towards the sea to find additional solutions for a sustainable future. Remarkably, while we are overexploiting many marine resources, particularly the fisheries, the planktonic compartment composed of zooplankton, phytoplankton, bacteria and viruses, represents 95% of marine biomass and yet the extent of its diversity remains largely unknown and underexploited. Consequently, the potential of plankton as a bioresource for humanity is largely untapped. Due to their diverse evolutionary backgrounds, planktonic organisms offer immense opportunities: new resources for medicine, cosmetics and food, renewable energy, and long-term solutions to mitigate climate change. Research programs aiming to exploit culture collections of marine micro-organisms as well as to prospect the huge resources of marine planktonic biodiversity in the oceans are now underway, and several bioactive extracts and purified compounds have already been identified. This review will survey and assess the current state-of-the-art and will propose methodologies to better exploit the potential of marine plankton for drug discovery and for dermocosmetics.