Sympathetic hyperactivity in chronic kidney disease: Pathogenesis, clinical relevance, and treatment

• Published in: Kidney international Vol. 65; no. 5; pp. 1568 - 1576
• Main Authors: Neumann, Jutta, Ligtenberg, Gerry, Klein, Inge I., Koomans, Hein A., Blankestijn, Peter J.
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01-05-2004; Nature Publishing; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: angiotensin II; Animals; Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension; Biological and medical sciences; Blood and lymphatic vessels; Cardiology. Vascular system; Chronic Disease; Clinical manifestations. Epidemiology. Investigative techniques. Etiology; Humans; Hypertension, Renal - etiology; Hypertension, Renal - physiopathology; Hypertension, Renal - therapy; Kidney - injuries; kidney disease; Kidney Diseases - physiopathology; Kidney Diseases - therapy; Medical sciences; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases; Nitric Oxide - antagonists & inhibitors; Renal Dialysis; renal hypertension; Renin-Angiotensin System - physiology; review; sympathetic activity; Sympathetic Nervous System - physiopathology; renal hypertension; kidney disease; sympathetic activity; angiotensin II; review; Hypertension; Kidney disease; Nephrology; Urinary system disease; Hyperactivity; Pathogenesis; Cardiovascular disease; Review; kidney disease sympathetic activity. angiotensin II; Urology; Relevance; Chronic; Treatment; Angiotensin II; Bibliographic review
• ISSN: 0085-2538; 1523-1755
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00552.x

Sympathetic hyperactivity in chronic kidney disease: Pathogenesis, clinical relevance, and treatment. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality importantly influence live expectancy of patients with chronic renal disease (CKD). Traditional risk factors are usually present, but several other factors have recently been identified. There is now evidence that CKD is often characterized by an activated sympathetic nervous system. This may contribute to the pathogenesis of renal hypertension, but it may also adversely affect prognosis independently of its effect on blood pressure. The purpose of this review is to summarize available knowledge on the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of renal hypertension, its clinical relevance, and the consequences of this knowledge for the choice of treatment.