Cutting through the value chain: the long-run effects of decoupling the East from the West

• Published in: Empirica Vol. 50; no. 1; pp. 75 - 108
• Main Authors: Felbermayr, Gabriel, Mahlkow, Hendrik, Sandkamp, Alexander
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-02-2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Econometrics; Economics; Economics and Finance; European Integration; Exports; Imports; Industrial Organization; International cooperation; International Economics; International trade; Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics; Original Paper; Price levels; Public Finance; Sanctions; Tariffs; Trade barriers; Trade disputes; Trade restrictions; Value; Value chain; Welfare; Russia; Trade; European Union; Quantitative trade model; China; F11; F14; F13; F17; Non-tariff barriers; Global value chains; Russia
• ISSN: 0340-8744; 1573-6911
• DOI: 10.1007/s10663-022-09561-w

With ever-increasing political tensions between China and Russia on one side and the EU and the US on the other, it only seems a matter of time until protectionist policies cause a decoupling of global value chains. This paper uses a computable general equilibrium trade model calibrated with the latest version of the GTAP database to simulate the effect of such a decoupling–implemented by doubling non-tariff barriers–between the two blocks on trade and welfare. Imposing import barriers almost completely eliminates bilateral imports. In addition, changes in price levels lead to higher imports and lower exports of the imposing country group from and to the rest of the world. The targeted country group increases exports to the rest of the world and reduces imports. Welfare falls in all countries involved, suggesting that governments should strive to cooperate rather than turn away from each other. By imposing a trade war on Russia, the political West could inflict severe damage on the Russian economy because of the latter’s smaller relative economic size.