Clinical presentation and angiographic findings of acute myocardial infarction in young adults in Jazan region

• Published in: BMC cardiovascular disorders Vol. 23; no. 1; p. 302
• Main Authors: Haider, Kamel H, Alshoabi, Sultan Abdulwadoud, Alharbi, Ibrahim A, Gameraddin, Moawia, Abdulaal, Osamah M, Gareeballah, Awadia, Alsharif, Walaa M, Alhazmi, Fahad H, Qurashi, Abdualziz A, Aloufi, Khalid M, Sayed, Ahmed I
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 16-06-2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Angiography; Biomarkers; Body weight; Cardiovascular disease; Coronary artery; Coronary vessels; Demographic aspects; Diagnosis; Disease prevention; Dyslipidemia; EKG; Electrocardiography; Family medical history; Females; Gender differences; Health aspects; Heart attack; Heart attacks; Hypertension; Khat chewing; Left anterior descending artery (LAD); Males; Medical imaging; Myocardial infarction; Obesity; Overweight; Patients; Right coronary artery (RCA); Risk factors; Sedentary lifestyle; Smoking; Stenosis; Thrombosis; Young adults; Saudi Arabia; Left anterior descending artery (LAD); Obesity; Right coronary artery (RCA); Sedentary lifestyle; Khat chewing; Left circumflex artery (LCX); Smoking
• ISSN: 1471-2261; 1471-2261
• DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03335-3

There is a paucity of information about the clinical features and angiographic findings in young patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), especially in the Arab Peninsula countries.
The aim of this study was to assess the proposed risk factors, clinical presentation, and angiographic findings of acute myocardial infarction in young adults.
This prospective study included young (range, 18 to 45 years) patients who presented with acute MI based on clinical evaluation, laboratory investigation, and electrocardiogram, and they underwent a coronary angiography procedure.
Data of 109 patients with a diagnosis of acute MI were collected. Patients' mean age was 39.98 ± 7.52 years (range, 31 to 45 years), and 92.7% (101) were male. Smoking was the highest risk factor in 67% of patients, obesity and overweight in 66%, sedentary lifestyle in 64%, dyslipidaemia in 33%, and hypertension in 28%. Smoking was the most common risk factor for acute MI in males (p = 0.009), whereas sedentary lifestyle was the most common risk factor in females (p = 0.028). Chest pain typical of acute MI was the most common presenting symptom in 96% of patients (p < 0.001). On admission, 96% of patients were conscious, and 95% were oriented. On angiography, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was affected in 57%, the right coronary artery (RCA) was affected in 42%, and the left circumflex artery (LCX) was affected in 32% of patients. The LAD was severely affected in 44%, the RCA was severely affected in 25.7%, and the LCX was severely affected in 19.26% of patients (p < 0.001).
Smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension were the most common risk factors for acute MI. Smoking was the most common risk factor in males and sedentary lifestyle in females. The LAD was the most commonly affected coronary artery, followed by the RCA and LCX arteries, with the same order for severity of stenosis.