Retrospective analysis of bladder cancer morphology and depth of invasion under cystoscopy

• Published in: BMC urology Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 12 - 7
• Main Authors: Chen, Hu, Hong, Yang, Yu, Bai, Ruiqian, Li, Jun, Li, Hongyi, Wu, Ziyong, Wang, Haiyang, Jiang, Chongjian, Zhang, Ying, Bi, Qilin, Wang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 31-01-2022; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Accuracy; Aged; Bladder cancer; Carcinoma - diagnostic imaging; Carcinoma - pathology; Cystoscopy; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Development and progression; Diagnosis; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Invasive depth; Invasiveness; Lymph nodes; Lymphatic system; Magnetic resonance imaging; Male; Medical prognosis; Metastases; Metastasis; Middle Aged; Morphology; Morphology cystoscopy; Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multivariate analysis; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Pathology; Retrospective Studies; Surgery; Survival analysis; Tumors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology; Urology; Urothelial carcinoma; Invasive depth; Morphology cystoscopy; Bladder cancer
• ISSN: 1471-2490; 1471-2490
• DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-00958-0

The pathological diagnosis of bladder cancer workup relies on cystoscopy, however, due to sampling restriction, the depth of local invasion is often understaged.
A total of 386 patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma underwent follow-up. The data collected included age, sex, tumor size, surgical options, histologic grade, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, and oncological outcomes, and the patients were divided into coral-like and crumb-like groups. These data were analyzed with the chi-square test, binary logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariable and multivariable logistic regression and Spearman correlation test.
Bladder tumor morphology was moderately correlated with invasion depth (ρ = 0.492, p < 0.001; Spearman correlation), which was associated with invasion status (HR = 8.27; 95% CI 4.3-15.79, p < 0.001). Tumor morphology was not an independent factor for OS but was associated with PFS. Outer invasion depth was an independent factor that was significantly associated with inferior OS and PFS.
Tumor morphology (coral-like and crumb-like) under cystoscopy was related to the depth of invasion. The outer invasive depth of BC was an independent factor that was significantly associated with inferior OS and PFS.