Use of Robson classification to assess cesarean section rate in Brazil: the role of source of payment for childbirth

• Published in: Reproductive health Vol. 13; no. Suppl 3; p. 128
• Main Authors: Nakamura-Pereira, Marcos, do Carmo Leal, Maria, Esteves-Pereira, Ana Paula, Domingues, Rosa Maria Soares Madeira, Torres, Jacqueline Alves, Dias, Marcos Augusto Bastos, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 17-10-2016; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Rate; Brazil; Cesarean section; Cesarean Section - classification; Cesarean Section - economics; Cesarean Section - statistics & numerical data; Child; Demographic aspects; Female; Health aspects; Health surveys; Health systems; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Influence; Insurance, Health - statistics & numerical data; Medical fees; Parturition; Pregnancy; Reproductive health; Robson classification; Womens health; Young Adult; Brazil; Brazil; Robson classification; Health systems; Cesarean section
• ISSN: 1742-4755; 1742-4755
• DOI: 10.1186/s12978-016-0228-7

Cesarean section (CS) rates are increasing worldwide but there is some concern with this trend because of potential maternal and perinatal risks. The Robson classification is the standard method to monitor and compare CS rates. Our objective was to analyze CS rates in Brazil according to source of payment for childbirth (public or private) using the Robson classification.
Data are from the 2011-2012 "Birth in Brazil" study, which used a national hospital-based sample of 23,940 women. We categorized all women into Robson groups and reported the relative size of each Robson group, the CS rate in each group and the absolute and relative contributions made by each to the overall CS rate. Differences were analyzed through chi-square and Z-test with a significance level of < 0.05.
The overall CS rate in Brazil was 51.9 % (42.9 % in the public and 87.9 % in the private health sector). The Robson groups with the highest impact on Brazil's CS rate in both public and private sectors were group 2 (nulliparous, term, cephalic with induced or cesarean delivery before labor), group 5 (multiparous, term, cephalic presentation and previous cesarean section) and group 10 (cephalic preterm pregnancies), which accounted for more than 70 % of CS carried out in the country. High-risk women had significantly greater CS rates compared with low-risk women in almost all Robson groups in the public sector only.
Public policies should be directed at reducing CS in nulliparous women, particularly by reducing the number of elective CS in these women, and encouraging vaginal birth after cesarean to reduce repeat CS in multiparous women.