Association of reduced inner retinal thicknesses with chronic kidney disease

• Published in: BMC nephrology Vol. 21; no. 1; p. 37
• Main Authors: Paterson, Euan N, Ravindran, Meera L, Griffiths, Kayleigh, Le Velly, Claire A, Cardwell, Chris C, McCarter, Rachel V, Nicol, Patrick, Chhablani, Jay K, Rasheed, Mohammed Abdul, Vupparaboina, Kiran Kumar, MacGillivray, Thomas J, Harbinson, Mark, Maxwell, Alexander P, Hogg, Ruth E, McKay, Gareth J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 31-01-2020; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Cardiology; Cardiovascular disease; Choroid; Chronic illnesses; Chronic kidney disease; Chronic kidney failure; Complications and side effects; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic retinopathy; Diuretics; Epidermal growth factor receptors; Hypertension; Kidney diseases; Medical examination; Microvasculature; Nephrology; Optics; Population; Renal function; Retina; Retinal microvasculature; Retinal thickness; Studies; Thinning; Tomography; Ireland; Renal function; Retinal thickness; Choroid; Retina; Retinal microvasculature; Choroidal volume; Chronic kidney disease; Choroidal vascularity index
• ISSN: 1471-2369; 1471-2369
• DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1679-1

Tissue derived biomarkers may offer utility as indicators of accumulated damage. Reduced thickness of retinal neuronal tissue and the vascular choroid have previously been associated with vascular damage and diabetes. We evaluated associations between retinal thickness, retinal microvascular and choroidal measures, and renal function in a population with a high burden of comorbidity.
Participants were recruited from nuclear cardiology or renal medicine clinics. Retinal and choroidal thickness were measured from spectral-domain optical coherence tomograms. Retinal microvascular parameters were assessed from digital fundus photographs using a semi-automated software package.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) categorised as: CKD stages 1-2, eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73m
; CKD stage 3, eGFR 30-59 ml/min/1.73m
, and CKD stages 4-5, eGFR ≤29 ml/min/1.73m
.
Participants (n = 241) had a mean age of 65 years and a mean eGFR of 66.9 ml/min/1.73m
. Thirty-nine % of the cohort had diabetes and 27% were using diuretics. Thinning of the inner retina and changes to its microvascular blood supply were associated with lower eGFR and CKD stages 4 and 5, while no associations were found between the outer retinal layers or their choroidal blood supply and CKD of any stage. These associations remained following adjustment for age, mean arterial blood pressure, diabetes status, low-density lipoprotein, body mass index, and sex.
Inner retinal thinning and retinal microvascular variation is associated with advanced CKD (stages 4 & 5) independent of important confounding factors, but not with earlier stage CKD (stage 3) and, therefore, its utility as a biomarker for early CKD is not supported in this study.