An overview of co-morbidities and the development of pressure ulcers among older adults

• Published in: BMC geriatrics Vol. 18; no. 1; p. 305
• Main Authors: Jaul, Efraim, Barron, Jeremy, Rosenzweig, Joshua P, Menczel, Jacob
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 11-12-2018; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Analysis; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - therapy; Care and treatment; Chronic diseases comorbidities; Chronic illnesses; Comorbidity; Debate; Decubitus ulcer; Dementia - diagnosis; Dementia - epidemiology; Dementia - therapy; Development and progression; Diabetes Complications - diagnosis; Diabetes Complications - epidemiology; Diabetes Complications - therapy; Diabetes mellitus; Elderly; Female; Frail Elderly; Frailty; Geriatrics; Health aspects; Hospitalization - trends; Humans; Infectious diseases; Ischemia; Life expectancy; Lung diseases; Male; Malnutrition; Middle Aged; Mortality; Neurodegenerative diseases; Nursing; Nutrition; Older patients, pathogenesis; Older people; Patients; Pressure; Pressure ulcer (PU); Pressure Ulcer - diagnosis; Pressure Ulcer - epidemiology; Pressure Ulcer - prevention & control; Pressure ulcers; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology); Risk Factors; Ulcers; Undernutrition; Urinary Incontinence - diagnosis; Urinary Incontinence - epidemiology; Urinary Incontinence - therapy; Womens health; Pressure ulcer (PU); Chronic diseases comorbidities; Older patients, pathogenesis
• ISSN: 1471-2318; 1471-2318
• DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0997-7

The prevalence of pressure ulcers particularly in the frail older adult population continues to be high and very costly especially in those suffering from chronic diseases and has brought a higher awareness to comprehensive, preventive and therapeutic measures for treatment of pressure ulcers. Internal risk factors highlighted by comorbidities play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pressure ulcers.
Focusing on the impact of common chronic diseases (comorbidities) in aging on pressure ulcers (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic pulmonary diseases, renal diseases and neurodegenerative disorders) and the significant complicating conditions e.g., anemia, infectious diseases, malnutrition, hospitalization, incontinence and polypharmacy, frailty and disability becomes important in developing a more complete, inclusive and multidisciplinary approach to prevention of PU in older patients.
To describe chronic and acute conditions which are risk factors in elderly patients for developing PU.
We present an overview of comorbidities seen with PU in three diverse patient locations. The inclusion criteria are sites (community, acute hospital and long term facilities), older patients, chronic diseases and pressure ulcers grade 2 and over. Using a recently developed conceptual framework accepted by European and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panels, we examined chronic diseases to identify the risk factors of chronic conditions and complicating conditions which potentially influence risk for PU development.
Multiple chronic diseases and complicating factors which associated with immobility, tissue ischemia, and undernutrition are caused to PU in community settings, hospitals, and nursing facilities.