Cross-cultural adaptation of the Pain Medication Questionnaire for use in Brazil

• Published in: BMC medical research methodology Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 188 - 13
• Main Authors: Galindo, Sheila Raposo, da Nóbrega Marinho, Manoel Henrique, Gatchel, Robert J, de Paula Santana da Silva, Tatiana, Viana, Eduardo Henrique Soares, Vasconcelos, Selene Cordeiro, da Costa Lima, Murilo Duarte
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 23-09-2019; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adaptation; Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid - administration & dosage; Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects; Anemia; Anemia, Sickle Cell - complications; Blood; Brazil; Cancer research; Chronic pain; Chronic Pain - diagnosis; Chronic Pain - etiology; Chronic Pain - prevention & control; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Drug abuse; Female; Health surveys; Hemoglobin; Humans; Ischemia; Language; Male; Medical research; Mental health; Middle Aged; Narcotics; Nursing; Opioid-Related Disorders - diagnosis; Opioid-Related Disorders - etiology; Opioids; Pain; Pain management; Questionnaires; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors; Sickle cell anemia; Surveys and Questionnaires; Teachers; Translations; Validation study; Young Adult; Brazil; Surveys and questionnaires; Nursing; Sickle cell anemia; Mental health; Opioids; Chronic pain; Validation study
• ISSN: 1471-2288; 1471-2288
• DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0821-x

The Pain Medication Questionnaire (PMQ) assesses the risk of opioid abuse in people with non-oncological chronic pain.
This is a methodological study conducted at a hemotherapy centre in Recife, Pernambuco state, Brazil. A Cross-cultural adaptation was carried out by a committee of nine specialists, and we applied the PMQ to a pre-final sample of 40 individuals with sickle cell anemia, in addition to a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire.
The mean agreement indexes for PMQ equivalences were the following: semantic (0.996), idiomatic (0.970), experiential (0.991), conceptual (0.953), language clarity (0.991), practical relevance (0.906), and theoretical relevance (0.945). Assessment of the PMQ showed that 50% of participants obtained a score equivalent to medium risk of opioid abuse. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the adapted PMQ instrument was 0.705, ranging from 0.641 to 0.736 among its items.
The cross-cultural adaptation of the Pain Medication Questionnaire was satisfactory and easy to apply in the Brazilian population. It is clinically relevant, contributing professional practice and enlightening patients with sickle cell anemia on their behavioral dynamics with respect to opioid consumption. It will also contribute to teaching and research, because it is a useful tool for investigating the risk of abusive behavior in people with chronic pain.