A Comparison of Neuropathic Pain Experiences Among Paralympic Versus Recreational Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury

• Published in: Sports medicine - open Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 117 - 10
• Main Authors: Todd, Kendra R., Olsen, Kenedy, Hamamoto, Gail, Hirschfield, Trevor J., Kramer, John L. K., Martin Ginis, Kathleen A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 09-12-2023; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Athletes; Chronic pain; Disability; Exercise; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Original; Original Research Article; Pain; Paralympic sport; Recreation; Spinal cord injuries; Spinal cord injury; Sports Medicine; Disability; Exercise; Paralympic sport; Spinal cord injury; Chronic pain
• ISSN: 2198-9761; 2199-1170; 2198-9761
• DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00645-w

Background
Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) report high levels of neuropathic pain. Current treatment options are primarily pharmaceutical, despite their limited effectiveness. Exercise may reduce neuropathic pain among persons with SCI; however, the optimal dose of exercise required to elicit analgesic effects remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare neuropathic pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, use of coping strategies, and positive affect and well-being among Paralympic versus recreational athletes with SCI who experience chronic neuropathic pain. Forty-seven athletes with SCI (25 Paralympic, 27 recreational) completed the International SCI Pain Basic Data Set, Douleur Neuropathique-4, coping strategies questionnaire, pain catastrophizing scale, and SCI-quality of life assessment.
Results
Paralympic athletes reported significantly greater neuropathic pain (
p
 = 0.032) and positive affect and well-being (p = 0.047) than recreational athletes. No other comparisons were significant (
p
s > 0.09). Significant, medium-sized positive correlations were observed between neuropathic pain and total minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (
r
 = 0.335,
p
 = 0.023) and average minutes per day of moderate-intensity exercise (
r
 = 0.375,
p
 = 0.010) over the past week.
Conclusions
The results suggest that frequent moderate- to high-intensity exercise may exacerbate neuropathic pain sensations for persons with SCI. Research should investigate psychosocial and physiological mechanisms by which exercise may influence neuropathic pain to explain how Paralympic athletes with SCI are able to continue exercising while maintaining positive affect despite neuropathic pain.
Key Points
Paralympic athletes with SCI report significantly greater neuropathic pain intensity than recreational athletes with SCI, but also higher levels of positive affect and well-being.
Neither pain catastrophizing, pain coping, nor positive affect and well-being significantly moderated the relationship between athlete status (i.e., Paralympic or recreational athlete) and neuropathic pain intensity.
Significant, positive correlations were observed between total weekly moderate-intensity exercise and neuropathic pain. No significant correlations were observed between frequency of heavy-intensity exercise and neuropathic pain .