Semen extenders: An evaluative overview of preservative mechanisms of semen and semen extenders

• Published in: Veterinary World Vol. 14; no. 5; pp. 1220 - 1233
• Main Authors: Bustani, Ghadeer Sabah, Baiee, Falah Hasan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Rajkot Veterinary World 01-05-2021
• Subjects: additives to semen extenders; Animal husbandry; Antioxidants; Artificial insemination; ATP; Cell injury; cryopreservation; Crystals; egg yolk-based extenders; In vitro fertilization; lipid peroxidation; Osmotic shock; Oxidative stress; Preservatives; Review; Semen; semen extenders; Sperm
• ISSN: 0972-8988; 2231-0916
• DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1220-1233

Reproduction is fundamental for all living things as it ensures the continued existence of a species and an improved economy in animal husbandry. Reproduction has developed since history, and diverse processes, such as artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization, have been developed. Semen extenders were discovered and developed to protect sperm from harmful factors, such as freeze and osmotic shock, oxidative stress, and cell injury by ice crystals. Semen extenders preserve sperm by stabilizing its properties, including sperm morphology, motility, and viability and membrane, acrosomal, and DNA integrity. Therefore, semen extenders must provide a favorable pH, adenosine triphosphate, anti-cooling and anti-freeze shock, and antioxidant activity to improve semen quality for fertilization. Hence, this review provides precise data on different semen extenders, preservative mechanisms, and essential additives for semen extenders in different animals.