Exploring Cultural Differences in Autistic Traits: A Factor Analytic Study of Children with Autism in China and the Netherlands

• Published in: Journal of autism and developmental disorders Vol. 52; no. 11; pp. 4750 - 4762
• Main Authors: Liu, Fangyuan, Scheeren, Anke M., Grove, Rachel, Hoekstra, Rosa A., Wang, Ke, Guo, Dehua, Wang, Chongying, Begeer, Sander
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-11-2022; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adolescents; Autism; Autism Spectrum Disorders; Autistic children; Behavioral Science and Psychology; Caregivers; Child and School Psychology; Children; Confirmatory factor analysis; Cross cultural studies; Cultural Differences; Culture; Diagnosis; Diagnostic Tests; Education; Exploratory factor analysis; Factor analysis; Factor Structure; Factor structures; Families & family life; Foreign Countries; Neurosciences; Original Paper; Parents; Pediatric research; Pediatrics; Pervasive developmental disorders; Psychology; Public Health; Social aspects; Social medicine; Social skills; Surveys; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Netherlands; China; Autism spectrum quotient; Children; Culture; Autism spectrum disorder; Autistic traits
• ISSN: 0162-3257; 1573-3432
• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05342-9

Autism spectrum disorders are diagnosed globally, but recognition, interpretation and reporting may vary across cultures. To compare autism across cultures it is important to investigate whether the tools used are conceptually equivalent across cultures. This study evaluated the factor structure of the parent-reported Autism Spectrum Quotient Short Form in autistic children from China (n = 327; 3 to 17 years) and the Netherlands (n = 694; 6 to 16 years). Confirmatory factor analysis did not support the two-factor hierarchical model previously identified. Exploratory factor analysis indicated culturally variant factor structures between China and the Netherlands, which may hamper cross-cultural comparisons. Several items loaded onto different factors in the two samples, indicating substantial variation in parent-reported autistic traits between China and the Netherlands.