Neuropathic Corneal Pain Following LASIK Surgery: A Retrospective Case Series

• Published in: Ophthalmology and therapy Vol. 10; no. 3; pp. 677 - 689
• Main Authors: Moshirfar, Majid, Bhavsar, Udit M., Durnford, Kathryn M., McCabe, Shannon E., Ronquillo, Yasmyne C., Lewis, Adam L., Hoopes, Phillip C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cheshire Springer Healthcare 01-09-2021
• Subjects: Case Series; Internal Medicine; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Ophthalmology; Cornea; Corneal neuralgia; Dry eye; Eye pain; Laser in situ keratomileusis; Refractive surgery; Ocular neuropathic pain syndrome; LASIK
• ISSN: 2193-8245; 2193-6528
• DOI: 10.1007/s40123-021-00358-x

Introduction
Transient dry eye symptoms have been reported following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Very rarely, patients may present with debilitating symptoms of dry eye syndrome (DES) with limited or no evidence of ocular surface disease. These patients are diagnosed with a form of DES known as neuropathic corneal pain (NCP).
Patients and Methods
This study is a retrospective medical record review of a case series of 18 patients who developed NCP post-LASIK over the years 1996–2021. All patients who developed severe ocular pain following LASIK consistent with NCP were included. Patients with severe ocular pain who had evidence of severe ocular surface disease or other ophthalmic etiology to explain their debilitating symptoms were not included.
Results
The average age of patients in our study was 39.5 years. The majority of our patients were female (72.2%) and of Caucasian ancestry (83.3%). The average onset of symptoms was 9.6 months post-LASIK. Patients had past medical histories significant for neuropsychiatric conditions (50%), functional pain syndromes (22.2%), autoimmune diseases (33.3%), and hypothyroidism (27.8%), and the occurrence of these was higher than the national prevalence of these diseases. Symptoms were consistent with the severity and characteristics defining NCP. Treatment was multimodal, involved topical and systemic therapies, and was unique to each patient. Overall, the majority of patients had clinical improvement in symptoms following treatment with regular follow-up.
Conclusion
Although rare, the 26-year prevalence of NCP post-LASIK in our study was roughly 1 in 900 cases. The mean time to onset after surgery was delayed at 9.6 months. Certain risk factors such as neuropsychiatric conditions, history of functional pain syndromes, history of autoimmune conditions, and hypothyroidism may predispose patients to the development of this condition. Patients benefited from proper diagnosis and a multimodal approach to treatment.