Dehydration Alters Transcript Levels in the Mosquito Midgut, Likely Facilitating Rapid Rehydration following a Bloodmeal

• Published in: Insects (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 14; no. 3; p. 274
• Main Authors: Holmes, Christopher J, Brown, Elliott S, Sharma, Dhriti, Warden, Matthew, Pathak, Atit, Payton, Blaine, Nguyen, Quynh, Spangler, Austin, Sivakumar, Jaishna, Hendershot, Jacob M, Benoit, Joshua B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-03-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Aedes aegypti; Analysis; aquaporin; Aquaporin 2; bloodfeeding; Climate change; Culicidae; Dehydration; Dehydration (Physiology); Disease control; Disease transmission; Drought; ecdysteroid kinase; Exposure; Females; Fever; Gene expression; Genomics; Hemolymph; Humidity; ion transport; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Midgut; Mosquitoes; Ontology; osmolality; Pathogens; Physiological effects; Physiological factors; Physiology; Rehydration; Retention; Utilization; Vector-borne diseases; Water control; West Nile virus; Yellow fever; United States; bloodfeeding; osmolality; transcriptomics; Aedes aegypti; ion transport; aquaporin; ecdysteroid kinase
• ISSN: 2075-4450; 2075-4450
• DOI: 10.3390/insects14030274

The mosquito midgut is an important site for bloodmeal regulation while also acting as a primary site for pathogen exposure within the mosquito. Recent studies show that exposure to dehydrating conditions alters mosquito bloodfeeding behaviors as well as post-feeding regulation, likely altering how pathogens interact with the mosquito. Unfortunately, few studies have explored the underlying dynamics between dehydration and bloodmeal utilization, and the overall impact on disease transmission dynamics remains veiled. In this study, we find that dehydration-based feeding in the yellow fever mosquito,
, prompts alterations to midgut gene expression, as well as subsequent physiological factors involving water control and post-bloodfeeding (pbf) regulation. Altered expression of ion transporter genes and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) in the midgut of dehydrated mosquitoes as well as the rapid reequilibration of hemolymph osmolality after a bloodmeal indicate an ability to expedite fluid and ion processing. These alterations ultimately indicate that female
employ mechanisms to ameliorate the detriments of dehydration by imbibing a bloodmeal, providing an effective avenue for rehydration. Continued research into bloodmeal utilization and the resulting effects on arthropod-borne transmission dynamics becomes increasingly important as drought prevalence is increased by climate change.