Postnatal Growth Faltering: Growth and Height Improvement at Two Years in Children with Very Low Birth Weight between 2002-2017

• Published in: Children (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 12; p. 1800
• Main Authors: González-García, Lara, Mantecón-Fernández, Laura, Suárez-Rodríguez, Marta, Arias-Llorente, Rosa, Lareu-Vidal, Sonia, Ibáñez-Fernández, Aleida, Caunedo-Jiménez, María, González-López, Clara, Fernández-Morán, Eva, Fernández-Colomer, Belén, Solís-Sánchez, Gonzalo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 23-11-2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Birth weight; Birth weight, Low; Children & youth; extrauterine growth restriction; Gestational age; infant premature; Malnutrition; Medical prognosis; Morbidity; Pediatrics; Physiological aspects; Premature babies; Premature birth; Ventilators; very low birth weight; Spain; infant premature; extrauterine growth restriction; very low birth weight
• ISSN: 2227-9067; 2227-9067
• DOI: 10.3390/children9121800

The prevalence of postnatal growth faltering (PGF) in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1500 g) is a universal problem. Growth improvement is expected as neonatal care is optimized. Objectives: To determine if there has been a decrease in the prevalence of PGF and an improvement in height at 2 years in appropriate for gestational age VLBW children in the last two decades. Methods: Clinical descriptive retrospective analysis of neonatal somatometry at birth and at two-year corrected age in VLBW preterm infants. Small for gestational age were excluded. Two cohorts (2002−2006, n = 112; and 2013−2017, n = 92) were compared. Results. In the second five-year period, a decrease in prevalence of PGF was observed (36.6% vs. 22.8%, p = 0.033), an increase in growth rate in the first 28 days (5.22 (4.35−6.09) g/kg/day vs. 11.38 (10.61−12.15) g/kg/day, p < 0.0001) and an increase in height standard deviation (SD) at 2 years (−1.12 (−1.35−−0.91) vs. −0.74 (−0.99−−0.49) p = 0.023). Probability of short stature at 2 years was directly related to daily weight gain in the first 28 days. Conclusions: when comparing two five-year periods in the last two decades, growth in VLBW preterm infants has improved, both during neonatal period and at two years of age.