New methods for estimating the total wing area of birds
Dispersal is a fundamental process in evolution and ecology. Due to the predominant role of flight in bird movement, their dispersal capabilities can be estimated from their flight morphology. Most predictors of flight efficiency require an estimate of the total wing area, but the existing methods f...
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Published in: | Ecology and evolution Vol. 13; no. 9; pp. e10480 - n/a |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Journal Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
England
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01-09-2023
John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Dispersal is a fundamental process in evolution and ecology. Due to the predominant role of flight in bird movement, their dispersal capabilities can be estimated from their flight morphology. Most predictors of flight efficiency require an estimate of the total wing area, but the existing methods for estimating wing area are multi‐stepped and prone to compounding error. Here, we validated a new method for estimating the total wing area that requires only the measurement of the wingspan plus two measurements from the folded wings of study skin specimens: wing length and wing width. We demonstrate that the new folded‐wing method estimates total wing area with high precision across a variety of avian groups and wing shapes. In addition, the new method performs as well as the old method when used to estimate natal dispersal distances of North American birds. The folded‐wing method will allow for estimates of the total wing to be readily obtained from thousands of specimens in ornithological collections, thus providing critical information for studies of flight and dispersal in birds.
Resumen
La dispersión es un proceso fundamental en evolución y ecología. Debido al papel predominante del vuelo en el movimiento de las aves, su capacidad de dispersión puede estimarse a partir de su morfología de vuelo. La mayoría de los predictores de la eficiencia de vuelo requieren una estimación del área total del ala, pero los métodos existentes para estimar el área del ala requieren numerosos pasos y son propensos a errores compuestos. En este estudio validamos un nuevo método para estimar el área total del ala que requiere solo la medida de la envergadura y dos medidas de las alas plegadas que pueden tomarse de pieles del estudio: el largo y el ancho del ala. Demostramos que el nuevo método estima el área total del ala con alta precisión en una variedad de grupos de aves y formas de alas. Además, el nuevo método funciona tan bien como el anterior cuando se usa para estimar las distancias de dispersión natal de las aves de América del Norte. El nuevo método permitirá obtener fácilmente estimaciones del área alar total a partir de miles de especímenes en colecciones ornitológicas, beneficiando estudios de vuelo y dispersión en aves.
Estimating flight capabilities from wing shape is a powerful tool for the comparative analysis of dispersal in ecology and evolution. Here, we describe new methods for estimating the total wing area, which will allow for readily estimating wing aspect ratios and wing loadings for thousands of bird species. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 2045-7758 2045-7758 |
DOI: | 10.1002/ece3.10480 |