The Dawn of the Red: star formation histories of group galaxies over the past 5 billion years

• Published in: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol. 413; no. 2; pp. 996 - 1012
• Main Authors: McGee, Sean L., Balogh, Michael L., Wilman, David J., Bower, Richard G., Mulchaey, John S., Parker, Laura C., Oemler Jr, Augustus
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-05-2011; Wiley-Blackwell; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Astronomy; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: groups: general; galaxies: star formation; Red shift; Spectrum analysis; Star & galaxy formation; Stars & galaxies; Ultraviolet astronomy; galaxies: groups: general; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: star formation; Galaxy evolution; Red shift; Accretion; Ultraviolet imaging; Galaxies; Red stars; Spectral energy distribution; Infrared photometry; Star models; Formation rate; Galaxy clusters; Star formation; Stellar mass; Galaxy formation; Stellar population; Galaxy groups; Sky surveys; GALEX satellite
• ISSN: 0035-8711; 1365-2966
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18189.x

We examine the star formation properties of group and field galaxies in two surveys, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (at z∼ 0.08) and Group Environment Evolution Collaboration (GEEC; at z∼ 0.4). Using ultraviolet imaging from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer space telescope, along with optical and, for GEEC, near-infrared photometry, we compare the observed spectral energy distributions to large suites of stellar population synthesis models. This allows us to accurately determine star formation rates and stellar masses. We find that star-forming galaxies of all environments undergo a systematic lowering of their star formation rate between z= 0.4 and 0.08 regardless of mass. None the less, the fraction of passive galaxies is higher in groups than the field at both redshifts. Moreover, the difference between the group and field grows with time and is mass dependent, in the sense the difference is larger at low masses. However, the star formation properties of star-forming galaxies, as measured by their average specific star formation rates, are consistent within the errors in the group and field environment at fixed redshift. The evolution of passive fraction in groups between z= 0.4 and 0 is consistent with a simple accretion model, in which galaxies are environmentally affected 3 Gyr after falling into a ∼1013 M⊙ group. This long time-scale appears to be inconsistent with the need to transform galaxies quickly enough to ensure that star-forming galaxies appear similar in both the group and field, as observed.