The hidden crisis: COVID-19 and impact on mental health of medical students in Pakistan

• Published in: Middle East current psychiatry (Cairo) Vol. 28; no. 1; pp. 1 - 9
• Main Authors: Imran, Nazish, Haider, Imran Ijaz, Mustafa, Ali Burhan, Aamer, Irum, Kamal, Zahid, Rasool, Ghulam, Azeem, Muhammad Waqar, Javed, Afzal
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-09-2021; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: COIVD-19; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Epidemics; Gender; Generalized anxiety disorder; Illnesses; Males; Medical schools; Medical students; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Mental depression; Mental health; Pakistan; Pandemics; Psychiatry; Questionnaires; Risk assessment; Suicides & suicide attempts; Pakistan; Medical students; COIVD-19; Pakistan; Mental health
• ISSN: 2090-5416; 2090-5408; 2090-5416
• DOI: 10.1186/s43045-021-00123-7

Background
Medical students have faced an enormous disruption to their lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on medical student’s psychological well-being in Pakistan. Following ethical approval, an online survey developed in collaboration with World Psychiatric Association (WPA) was distributed among medical students of 5 Medical colleges in the Punjab province of Pakistan between August and September 2020. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Risk Assessment Suicidality Scale (RASS) were used to assess psychological well-being. Data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0.
Results
Eleven hundred medical students responded, 756 (69%) being females. More than 2/3rd admitted that their emotional state got worse in relation to appearance of anxiety, insecurity, and sadness, compared to before the outbreak of COVID-19. Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 48.6% and 48.1%, respectively. Female medical students, pre-clinical students, and those with a previous psychiatric history reported experiencing more anxiety and depression symptoms (
P
value < 0.001). One in five medical students thought that it would be better if they were dead, and 8% admitted to often think of committing suicide during the past 2 weeks. RASS and subscales (intention, life, and history) scores were higher in females and students with previous psychiatric problems.
Conclusion
Our findings underscore that the impact of COVID-19 on medical students has been significant; hence, it is crucial for medical colleges to employ strategies to maintain the student’s well-being with safeguards like reassurance, support, and confidential student-centered psychiatric services. The use of virtual platforms (websites, email) to educate and screen students by staff members can create a positive impact. The limitations of this study include cross-sectional design, the possibility of selective participation being web-based survey, response bias, and the possibility of reluctance of students to report mental health problems due to stigma.