Selected essential oils inhibit key physiological enzymes and possess intracellular and extracellular antimelanogenic properties in vitro

• Published in: Yàowu shi͡p︡in fenxi Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 232 - 243
• Main Authors: Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, Zaahira, Lall, Namrita, Fibrich, Bianca, Blom van Staden, Analike, Hosenally, Muzzammil, Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: China (Republic : 1949- ) Elsevier B.V 01-01-2018; Food and Drug Administration; Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
• Subjects: Acarbose; Acetylcholinesterase; Aging; Alzheimer's disease; citrus; Citrus fruits; Collagen; Collagenase; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Drugs; Elastase; Enzymes; Essential oils; Fatalities; Food plants; Free radicals; Galantamine; Glucosidase; Herbal medicine; hyperpigmentation; Inhibition; Intracellular; Lavandula; Medicinal herbs; Medicinal plants; Melanin; Melanocytes; Neurodegenerative diseases; oils; Oils & fats; Original; Oxidative stress; Physiology; Plant extracts; Skin; Studies; Mauritius; hyperpigmentation; acetylcholinesterase; diabetes mellitus; oils; citrus
• ISSN: 1021-9498; 2224-6614
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.03.002

Essential oils (EOs) extracted from six medicinal herbs and food plants [Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ), Psiadia arguta (PA), Psiadia terebinthina (PT), Citrus grandis (CGp), Citrus hystrix (CH), and Citrus reticulata (CR)] were studied for any inhibitory potential against key physiological enzymes involved in diabetes (α-glucosidase), skin aging (collagenase and elastase), and neurodegenerative disorders (acetylcholinesterase). Kinetic studies of the active EOs on the aforementioned enzymes were determined using Lineweaver–Burk plots. The intracellular and extracellular antimelanogenic potential of the EOs were evaluated on B16F10 mouse melanocytes. CH and CR were found to significantly inhibit (2.476 ± 0.13 μg/mL and 3.636 ± 0.10 μg/mL, respectively) acetylcholinesterase, compared with galantamine (3.989 ± 0.16 μg/mL). CH inhibited collagenase (50% inhibitory concentration 28.71 ± 0.16 μg/mL) compared with the control (24.45 ± 0.19 μg/mL). The percentage inhibition in the elastase assay of CH was 63.21% compared to the positive control (75.09%). In addition, CH, CR, CGp, CZ, and PT were found to significantly inhibit α-glucosidase (276.70 ± 0.73 μg/mL, 169.90 ± 0.58 μg/mL, 240.60 ± 6.50 μg/mL, 64.52 ± 0.69 μg/mL, and 313.0 ± 5.0 μg/mL, respectively), compared to acarbose (448.80 ± 0.81 μg/mL). Active EOs showed both uncompetitive and competitive types of inhibition. The EOs also inhibited intracellular (50% inhibitory concentration 15.92 ± 1.06 μg/mL, 23.75 ± 4.47 μg/mL, and 28.99 ± 5.70 μg/mL for CH, CR, and CGp, respectively) and extracellular (< 15.625 μg/mL for CH, CR, CGp, and PT) melanin production when tested against B16F10 mouse melanocytes. Results from the present study tend to show that EOs extracted from these medicinal plants can inhibit key enzymes and may be potential candidates for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
•Selected essential oils (EOs) were studied against key physiological enzymes.•Kinetic of inhibition of the active EOs was determined using Lineweaver-Burk plots.•Intracellular and extracellular antimelanogenic potential was evaluated.•EOs showed uncompetitive and competitive type of inhibition.•The EOs inhibited intra and extracellular melanin production in B16F10 mouse melanocytes.•Studied EOs are potential candidates for the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries.