United States Valuation of EQ-5D-5L Health States Using an International Protocol

• Published in: Value in health Vol. 22; no. 8; pp. 931 - 941
• Main Authors: Pickard, A. Simon, PhD, Law, Ernest H., PharmD, PhD, Jiang, Ruixuan, PharmD, Pullenayegum, Eleanor, PhD, Shaw, James W., PharmD, MPH, PhD, Xie, Feng, PhD, Oppe, Mark, PhD, Boye, Kristina S., PhD, Chapman, Richard H., PhD, Gong, Cynthia L., PharmD, PhD, Balch, Alan, PhD, Busschbach, Jan J.V., PhD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-08-2019; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Adults; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Basis; Censuses; Continental Population Groups; Cost-Benefit Analysis - methods; Cost-Benefit Analysis - standards; cost-utility analysis; Decision Making; Demographics; Demography; Discrete choice; EQ-5D; Ethnic Groups; Ethnicity; Female; Health care; Health Status; Humans; Internal Medicine; Interviews; Interviews as Topic; Male; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Patient Preference; Public health; Quality control; Quality of Life; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; quality-adjusted life-year; Questionnaires; Race; Respondents; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; stated preference; Statistical significance; Surveys and Questionnaires - standards; Technology; United States; utility; Valuation; value; Young Adult; United States; United States > US; quality-adjusted life-year; EQ-5D; United States; utility; cost-utility analysis; stated preference; value
• ISSN: 1098-3015; 1524-4733
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2019.02.009

AbstractObjectiveTo derive a US-based value set for the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire using an international, standardized protocol developed by the EuroQol Group. MethodsRespondents from the US adult population were quota-sampled on the basis of age, sex, ethnicity, and race. Trained interviewers guided participants in completing composite time trade-off (cTTO) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) tasks using the EuroQol Valuation Technology software and routine quality control measures. Data were modeled using a Tobit model for cTTO data, a mixed logit model for DCE data, and a hybrid model that combined cTTO and DCE data. Model performance was compared on the basis of logical ordering of coefficients, statistical significance, parsimony, and theoretical considerations. ResultsOf 1134 respondents, 1062, 1099, and 1102 respondents provided useable cTTO, DCE, and cTTO or DCE responses, respectively, on the basis of quality control criteria and interviewer judgment. Respondent demographic characteristics and health status were similar to the 2015 US Census. The Tobit model was selected as the preferred model to generate the value set. Values ranged from −0.573 (55 555) to 1 (11 111), with 20% of all predicted health states scores less than 0 (ie, worse than dead). ConclusionsA societal value set for the EQ-5D-5L was developed that can be used for economic evaluations and decision making in US health systems. The internationally established, standardized protocol used to develop this US-based value set was recommended by the EuroQol Group and can facilitate cross-country comparisons.