Cell therapy stimulates bone neoformation in calvaria defects in rats subjected to local irradiation

• Published in: Animal models and experimental medicine Vol. 2; no. 3; pp. 169 - 177
• Main Authors: Sório, Ana Luisa Riul, Vargas‐Sanchez, Paula Katherine, Fernandes, Roger Rodrigo, Pitol, Dimitrius Leonardo, de Sousa, Luiz Gustavo, Bianchini, Adriano Luiz Balthazar, de Melo, Geraldo Batista, Siessere, Selma, Bombonato‐Prado, Karina Fittipaldi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-09-2019; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Alkaline phosphatase; Animals; Bone composition; Bone marrow; Calvaria; Cancellous bone; Cell culture; cell therapy; Defects; Genotype & phenotype; irradiation; Mesenchyme; Nodules; Original; Osteoblasts; Phenotypes; Quality of life; Radiation therapy; rats; Stem cells; Trauma; Brazil; calvaria; osteoblasts; rats; cell therapy; irradiation
• ISSN: 2576-2095; 2096-5451; 2576-2095
• DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12073

Background
The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of cell therapy on the repair process in calvaria defects in rats subjected to irradiation.
Methods
Bone marrow mesenchymal cells were characterized for osteoblastic phenotype. Calvariae of male Wistar rats were irradiated (20 Gy) and, after 4 weeks, osteoblastic cells were placed in surgically created defects in irradiated (IRC) and control animals (CC), paired with untreated irradiated (IR) and control (C) animals. After 30 days, histological and microtomographic evaluation was performed to establish significant (P < 0.05) differences among the groups.
Results
Higher alkaline phosphatase detection and activity, along with an increase in mineralized nodules, in the IRC, C and CC groups compared to the IR group, confirmed an osteoblastic phenotype. Histology showed impaired bone neoformation following irradiation, affecting bone marrow composition. Cell therapy in the IRC group improved bone neoformation compared to the IR group. Microtomography revealed increased bone volume, bone surface and trabecular number in IRC group compared to the IR group.
Conclusion
Cell therapy may improve bone neoformation in defects created after irradiation.