Rosiglitazone Induces Decreases in Bone Mass and Strength that Are Reminiscent of Aged Bone

• Published in: Endocrinology (Philadelphia) Vol. 148; no. 6; pp. 2669 - 2680
• Main Authors: Lazarenko, Oxana P, Rzonca, Sylwia O, Hogue, William R, Swain, Frances L, Suva, Larry J, Lecka-Czernik, Beata
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD Endocrine Society 01-06-2007; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Adipocytes; Aging; Aging (artificial); Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Bone and Bones - anatomy & histology; Bone and Bones - drug effects; Bone and Bones - physiology; Bone Density - drug effects; Bone growth; Bone loss; Bone marrow; Bone mass; Bone Resorption - pathology; Cell activation; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Compressive Strength - drug effects; Diabetes mellitus; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Glucose metabolism; Male; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - cytology; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - drug effects; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Osteoblasts - cytology; Osteoblasts - drug effects; Osteoclastogenesis; Osteoclasts - cytology; Osteoclasts - drug effects; Osteogenesis; Osteogenesis - drug effects; Osteoporosis - pathology; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Phenotypes; Receptors; Rosiglitazone; Skeleton; Stem cells; Structure-function relationships; Thiazolidinediones; Thiazolidinediones - pharmacology; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vertebrates: endocrinology; Osteoarticular system; Rosiglitazone; Thiazolidinedione derivatives; Bone mass; Bone
• ISSN: 0013-7227; 1945-7170
• DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1587

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) regulates both glucose metabolism and bone mass. Recent evidence suggests that the therapeutic modulation of PPARγ activity with antidiabetic thiazolidinediones elicits unwanted effects on bone. In this study, the effects of rosiglitazone on the skeleton of growing (1 month), adult (6 month), and aged (24 month) C57BL/6 mice were determined. Aging was identified as a confounding factor for rosiglitazone-induced bone loss that correlated with the increased expression of PPARγ in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The bone of young growing mice was least affected, although a significant decrease in bone formation rate was noted. In both adult and aged animals, bone volume was significantly decreased by rosiglitazone. In adult animals, bone loss correlated with attenuated bone formation, whereas in aged animals, bone loss was associated with increased osteoclastogenesis, mediated by increased receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression. PPARγ activation led to changes in marrow structure and function such as a decrease in osteoblast number, an increase in marrow fat cells, an increase in osteoclast number, and a loss of the multipotential character of marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, rosiglitazone induces changes in bone reminiscent of aged bone and appears to induce bone loss by altering the phenotype of marrow mesenchymal stem cells.