Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor response in urothelial cancer

• Published in: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology Vol. 15; p. 17588359231192402
• Main Authors: Parent, Pauline, Marcq, Gautier, Adeleke, Sola, Turpin, Anthony, Boussios, Stergios, Rassy, Elie, Penel, Nicolas
• Format: Book Review Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01-01-2023; Sage Publications Ltd; SAGE Journals; SAGE Publishing
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Clinical trials; Humanities and Social Sciences; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Life Sciences; Methodology; Methods and statistics; Microsatellite instability; Mismatch repair; Other Statistics; Patients; Phenotypes; Review; Statistics; Tumors; Urothelial cancer; prognosis biomarker; immune checkpoint inhibitor; urothelial cancer; predictive biomarker; immune checkpoint inhibitor predictive biomarker prognosis biomarker urothelial cancer
• ISSN: 1758-8359; 1758-8340; 1758-8359
• DOI: 10.1177/17588359231192402

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are commonly used to treat patients with advanced urothelial cancer. However, a significant number of patients do not respond to ICI, and the lack of validated predictive biomarkers impedes the success of the ICI strategy alone or in combination with chemotherapy or targeted therapies. In addition, some patients experience potentially severe adverse events with limited clinical benefit. Therefore, identifying biomarkers of response to ICI is crucial to guide treatment decisions. The most evaluated biomarkers to date are programmed death ligand 1 expression, microsatellite instability/defective mismatch repair phenotype, and tumor mutational burden. Other emerging biomarkers, such as circulating tumor DNA and microbiota, require evaluation in clinical trials. This review aims to examine these biomarkers for ICI response in urothelial cancer and assess their analytical and clinical validation.