MiRNAs in Hematopoiesis and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 6; p. 5436
• Main Authors: Mendiola-Soto, Diana Karen, Bárcenas-López, Diego Alberto, Pérez-Amado, Carlos Jhovani, Cruz-Miranda, Gabriela Marisol, Mejía-Aranguré, Juan Manuel, Ramírez-Bello, Julian, Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo, Jiménez-Morales, Silvia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-03-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Acute lymphocytic leukemia; ALL subtypes; Biosynthesis; Cells; Chemoresistance; Chemotherapy; Child; Developing countries; Epigenetics; Gene expression; Genes; Genes, Tumor Suppressor; Granulocytes; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoiesis - genetics; Hemopoiesis; Heterogeneity; Humans; Kinases; LDCs; Leukemia; Lymphatic leukemia; Lymphocytes; Malignancy; Medical prognosis; MicroRNA; MicroRNAs; MicroRNAs - genetics; miRNA; miRNA biomarkers; miRNAs; Molecular modelling; Mortality; Pediatrics; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - genetics; Proteins; Recurrence; Review; RNA polymerase; Tumor suppressor genes; Mexico; China; miRNA biomarkers; hematopoiesis; ALL subtypes; miRNAs; acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065436

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common kind of pediatric cancer. Although the cure rates in ALL have significantly increased in developed countries, still 15-20% of patients relapse, with even higher rates in developing countries. The role of non-coding RNA genes as microRNAs (miRNAs) has gained interest from researchers in regard to improving our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying ALL development, as well as identifying biomarkers with clinical relevance. Despite the wide heterogeneity reveled in miRNA studies in ALL, consistent findings give us confidence that miRNAs could be useful to discriminate between leukemia linages, immunophenotypes, molecular groups, high-risk-for-relapse groups, and poor/good responders to chemotherapy. For instance, miR-125b has been associated with prognosis and chemoresistance in ALL, miR-21 has an oncogenic role in lymphoid malignancies, and the miR-181 family can act either as a oncomiR or tumor suppressor in several hematological malignancies. However, few of these studies have explored the molecular interplay between miRNAs and their targeted genes. This review aims to state the different ways in which miRNAs could be involved in ALL and their clinical implications.