Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 20; no. 22; p. 5573
• Main Authors: Zhang, Xiaopei, Wang, Wei, Zhu, Weidong, Dong, Jie, Cheng, Yingying, Yin, Zujun, Shen, Fafu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 08-11-2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Acetylation; Animals; Biological activity; Cell cycle; Chromatin; Chromatin - metabolism; Cold; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA methylation; DNA Methylation - genetics; Enzymes; epigenetic; Epigenetics; Experiments; Flowering; Gastric cancer; Gene expression; Gene regulation; Genome; Histones; Histones - metabolism; Homology; Humans; Leukemia; lncrna; Lysine; Methylase; mRNA processing; Non-coding RNA; Polycomb group proteins; Post-transcription; post-transcriptional; Post-translation; post-translational modification; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Proteins; Review; RNA polymerase; RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics; RNA, Long Noncoding - metabolism; Transcription factors; transcriptional; Translation; translation; lncRNA; post-translational modification; epigenetic; post-transcriptional; transcriptional
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225573

Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nt. lncRNAs primarily interact with mRNA, DNA, protein, and miRNA and consequently regulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels in a variety of ways. They play important roles in biological processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference, RNA processing, and mRNA translation. lncRNAs have important functions in plant growth and development; biotic and abiotic stress responses; and in regulation of cell differentiation, the cell cycle, and the occurrence of many diseases in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in plants, humans, and animals at different regulatory levels.