Larval density dependence in Anopheles gambiae s.s., the major African vector of malaria

Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density‐dependent processes determining its population size. Mosquito larval density was manipulated under semi‐natural conditions using artificial larval breeding sites pl...

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Published in:	The Journal of animal ecology Vol. 82; no. 1; pp. 166 - 174
Main Authors:	Muriu, Simon M, Coulson, Tim, Mbogo, Charles M, Godfray, H. Charles J, Boots, Mike
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Blackwell Publishing 01-01-2013 Blackwell Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Subjects:	adults Africa Animal and plant ecology Animal ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Anopheles - physiology Anopheles gambiae Biological and medical sciences Breeding sites density dependence field experiment Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Human ecology Human protozoal diseases Humans Infectious diseases Insect larvae Insect Vectors Larva - physiology Larvae Larval development Malaria Malaria - transmission Medical sciences Mortality mosquito Parasitic diseases Population Density Population ecology population size Predation Predators Protozoal diseases variance Kenya Africa Protozoal disease Malaria Insecta Parasite Parasitosis Field experiment mosquito Infection Anopheles gambiae Larva Arthropoda Culicidae Density dependence Ectoparasite Invertebrata Vector Diptera
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Abstract	Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density‐dependent processes determining its population size. Mosquito larval density was manipulated under semi‐natural conditions using artificial larval breeding sites placed in the field in coastal Kenya; two experiments were conducted: one manipulating the density of a single cohort of larvae across a range of densities and the other employing fewer densities but with the treatments crossed with four treatments manipulating predator access. In the first experiment, larval survival, development rate and the size of the adult mosquito all decreased with larval density (controlling for block effects between 23% and 31% of the variance in the data could be explained by density). In the second experiment, the effects of predator manipulation were not significant, but again we observed strong density dependence in larval survival (explaining 30% of the variance). The results are compared with laboratory studies of A. gambiae larval competition and the few other studies conducted in the field, and the consequences for malaria control are discussed
AbstractList	Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density-dependent processes determining its population size. Mosquito larval density was manipulated under semi-natural conditions using artificial larval breeding sites placed in the field in coastal Kenya; two experiments were conducted: one manipulating the density of a single cohort of larvae across a range of densities and the other employing fewer densities but with the treatments crossed with four treatments manipulating predator access. In the first experiment, larval survival, development rate and the size of the adult mosquito all decreased with larval density (controlling for block effects between 23% and 31% of the variance in the data could be explained by density). In the second experiment, the effects of predator manipulation were not significant, but again we observed strong density dependence in larval survival (explaining 30% of the variance). The results are compared with laboratory studies of A. gambiae larval competition and the few other studies conducted in the field, and the consequences for malaria control are discussed. Summary Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density‐dependent processes determining its population size. Mosquito larval density was manipulated under semi‐natural conditions using artificial larval breeding sites placed in the field in coastal Kenya; two experiments were conducted: one manipulating the density of a single cohort of larvae across a range of densities and the other employing fewer densities but with the treatments crossed with four treatments manipulating predator access. In the first experiment, larval survival, development rate and the size of the adult mosquito all decreased with larval density (controlling for block effects between 23% and 31% of the variance in the data could be explained by density). In the second experiment, the effects of predator manipulation were not significant, but again we observed strong density dependence in larval survival (explaining 30% of the variance). The results are compared with laboratory studies of A. gambiae larval competition and the few other studies conducted in the field, and the consequences for malaria control are discussed The paper concerns an experimental investigation of density dependence in the main vector of malaria in Africa. Strong and significant density dependence is shown in two different experiments. This is one of the very few studies to investigate larval ecology of a tropical vector in the field. Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density‐dependent processes determining its population size. Mosquito larval density was manipulated under semi‐natural conditions using artificial larval breeding sites placed in the field in coastal Kenya; two experiments were conducted: one manipulating the density of a single cohort of larvae across a range of densities and the other employing fewer densities but with the treatments crossed with four treatments manipulating predator access. In the first experiment, larval survival, development rate and the size of the adult mosquito all decreased with larval density (controlling for block effects between 23% and 31% of the variance in the data could be explained by density). In the second experiment, the effects of predator manipulation were not significant, but again we observed strong density dependence in larval survival (explaining 30% of the variance). The results are compared with laboratory studies of A. gambiae larval competition and the few other studies conducted in the field, and the consequences for malaria control are discussed Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density-dependent processes determining its population size. Mosquito larval density was manipulated under semi-natural conditions using artificial larval breeding sites placed in the field in coastal Kenya; two experiments were conducted: one manipulating the density of a single cohort of larvae across a range of densities and the other employing fewer densities but with the treatments crossed with four treatments manipulating predator access. In the first experiment, larval survival, development rate and the size of the adult mosquito all decreased with larval density (controlling for block effects between 23% and 31% of the variance in the data could be explained by density). In the second experiment, the effects of predator manipulation were not significant, but again we observed strong density dependence in larval survival (explaining 30% of the variance). The results are compared with laboratory studies of A. gambiae larval competition and the few other studies conducted in the field, and the consequences for malaria control are discussed. Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in A frica although relatively little is known about the density‐dependent processes determining its population size. Mosquito larval density was manipulated under semi‐natural conditions using artificial larval breeding sites placed in the field in coastal K enya; two experiments were conducted: one manipulating the density of a single cohort of larvae across a range of densities and the other employing fewer densities but with the treatments crossed with four treatments manipulating predator access. In the first experiment, larval survival, development rate and the size of the adult mosquito all decreased with larval density (controlling for block effects between 23% and 31% of the variance in the data could be explained by density). In the second experiment, the effects of predator manipulation were not significant, but again we observed strong density dependence in larval survival (explaining 30% of the variance). The results are compared with laboratory studies of A . gambiae larval competition and the few other studies conducted in the field, and the consequences for malaria control are discussed Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density-dependent processes determining its population size. Mosquito larval density was manipulated under semi-natural conditions using artificial larval breeding sites placed in the field in coastal Kenya; two experiments were conducted: one manipulating the density of a single cohort of larvae across a range of densities and the other employing fewer densities but with the treatments crossed with four treatments manipulating predator access. In the first experiment, larval survival, development rate and the size of the adult mosquito all decreased with larval density (controlling for block effects between 23% and 31% of the variance in the data could be explained by density). In the second experiment, the effects of predator manipulation were not significant, but again we observed strong density dependence in larval survival (explaining 30% of the variance). The results are compared with laboratory studies of A. gambiae larval competition and the few other studies conducted in the field, and the consequences for malaria control are discussed Summary [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] 1. Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density-dependent processes determining its population size. 2. Mosquito larval density was manipulated under semi-natural conditions using artificial larval breeding sites placed in the field in coastal Kenya; two experiments were conducted: one manipulating the density of a single cohort of larvae across a range of densities and the other employing fewer densities but with the treatments crossed with four treatments manipulating predator access. 3. In the first experiment, larval survival, development rate and the size of the adult mosquito all decreased with larval density (controlling for block effects between 23% and 31% of the variance in the data could be explained by density). 4. In the second experiment, the effects of predator manipulation were not significant, but again we observed strong density dependence in larval survival (explaining 30% of the variance). 5. The results are compared with laboratory studies of A. gambiae larval competition and the few other studies conducted in the field, and the consequences for malaria control are discussed
Author	Boots, Mike Muriu, Simon M Godfray, H. Charles J Coulson, Tim Mbogo, Charles M
AuthorAffiliation	2 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK 1 Department of Entomology, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Programme, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya 3 Ecology & Evolution Division, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK – name: 3 Ecology & Evolution Division, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK – name: 1 Department of Entomology, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Programme, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
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Keywords	Protozoal disease Malaria Insecta Parasite Parasitosis Field experiment mosquito Infection Anopheles gambiae Larva Arthropoda Culicidae Density dependence Ectoparasite Invertebrata Vector Diptera
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Snippet	Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density‐dependent processes... 1. Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density-dependent processes... Summary Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density‐dependent... Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density-dependent processes... Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in A frica although relatively little is known about the density‐dependent processes... Summary [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is the most important vector of malaria in Africa although relatively little is known about the density-dependent processes...
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SubjectTerms	adults Africa Animal and plant ecology Animal ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Anopheles - physiology Anopheles gambiae Biological and medical sciences Breeding sites density dependence field experiment Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Human ecology Human protozoal diseases Humans Infectious diseases Insect larvae Insect Vectors Larva - physiology Larvae Larval development Malaria Malaria - transmission Medical sciences Mortality mosquito Parasitic diseases Population Density Population ecology population size Predation Predators Protozoal diseases variance
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Title	Larval density dependence in Anopheles gambiae s.s., the major African vector of malaria
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